North America Non-native Plant

Toothed Spiderflower

Botanical name: Cleome serrata

USDA symbol: CLSE2

Life cycle: annual

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in the lower 48 states âš˜ Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in Puerto Rico  

Synonyms: Neocleome serrata (Jacq.) Small (NESE3)   

Toothed Spiderflower: A Lesser-Known Annual for Warm Climate Gardens If you’re looking for something a bit different to add to your warm-climate garden, you might want to consider the toothed spiderflower (Cleome serrata). This annual herb brings a delicate charm that’s quite different from its more flamboyant cousin, the common ...

Toothed Spiderflower: A Lesser-Known Annual for Warm Climate Gardens

If you’re looking for something a bit different to add to your warm-climate garden, you might want to consider the toothed spiderflower (Cleome serrata). This annual herb brings a delicate charm that’s quite different from its more flamboyant cousin, the common spider flower. But before you rush to plant it, let’s dive into what makes this plant tick and whether it’s the right fit for your garden.

What Is Toothed Spiderflower?

Toothed spiderflower is an annual forb herb, which is just a fancy way of saying it’s a soft-stemmed plant that completes its life cycle in one year. Unlike woody plants, it doesn’t develop thick, bark-covered stems, making it more herbaceous in nature. You might also see it listed under its synonym, Neocleome serrata, in some plant references.

Where Does It Come From?

Here’s where things get interesting—toothed spiderflower isn’t actually native to the United States. It’s been introduced and has naturalized in limited areas, specifically Georgia and Puerto Rico, where it now reproduces on its own without human intervention.

Should You Plant Toothed Spiderflower?

This is where gardeners need to make an informed choice. Since toothed spiderflower is non-native, you might want to consider native alternatives first. However, it’s not currently listed as invasive or noxious, so it’s not necessarily harmful to grow. If you’re drawn to its unique characteristics and live in a suitable climate, it could be a interesting addition to your garden palette.

Garden Design and Landscape Role

Toothed spiderflower works best in informal garden settings where its delicate flowers can add subtle interest without overwhelming other plantings. It’s likely to perform well in:

  • Cottage garden borders
  • Naturalized wildflower areas
  • Mixed annual beds
  • Areas where you want a softer alternative to more dramatic annuals

Growing Conditions and Care

While specific growing information for Cleome serrata is limited, based on its current distribution and relationship to other Cleome species, it likely prefers:

  • Full sun exposure
  • Well-draining soil
  • Warm temperatures (USDA zones 9-11)
  • Minimal water once established

As an annual, you’ll need to replant it each year, though it may self-seed in favorable conditions.

Pollinator and Wildlife Benefits

Like many flowering plants, toothed spiderflower likely provides nectar for pollinators such as butterflies and bees. However, because it’s non-native, it may not offer the same level of ecological support as native plants that have co-evolved with local wildlife.

Native Alternatives to Consider

If you love the idea of delicate, clustered flowers but want to support native ecosystems, consider these alternatives:

  • Native wildflowers specific to your region
  • Indigenous annual flowers that provide similar aesthetic appeal
  • Local native plants that support regional pollinators and wildlife

The Bottom Line

Toothed spiderflower occupies an interesting middle ground in the gardening world. It’s not native, but it’s also not considered problematic. If you’re in Georgia or Puerto Rico and encounter it growing naturally, you can appreciate its quiet beauty. If you’re considering adding it to your garden elsewhere, weigh your options carefully and perhaps explore native alternatives first. When in doubt, consult with local native plant societies or extension offices to find the best plants for supporting your local ecosystem while still creating the garden of your dreams.

Toothed Spiderflower

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Capparales

Family

Capparaceae Juss. - Caper family

Genus

Cleome L. - spiderflower

Species

Cleome serrata Jacq. - toothed spiderflower

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA