North America Non-native Plant

Toetoe

Botanical name: Cortaderia toetoe

USDA symbol: COTO6

Habit: grass

Native status: Not native but doesn't reproduce and persist in the wild

Toetoe: The Majestic New Zealand Grass That Commands Attention If you’re looking for a grass that makes a statement in your landscape, toetoe (Cortaderia toetoe) might just be the showstopper you’ve been searching for. This impressive New Zealand native brings dramatic height, graceful movement, and year-round structure to gardens that ...

Toetoe: The Majestic New Zealand Grass That Commands Attention

If you’re looking for a grass that makes a statement in your landscape, toetoe (Cortaderia toetoe) might just be the showstopper you’ve been searching for. This impressive New Zealand native brings dramatic height, graceful movement, and year-round structure to gardens that can accommodate its generous proportions.

What Exactly is Toetoe?

Toetoe is a large, clumping ornamental grass that belongs to the same family as pampas grass, though it has its own distinct personality. This grass-like perennial forms substantial tussocks with long, arching leaves that can reach impressive heights. During its flowering season, toetoe produces tall, feathery plumes that dance in the breeze and catch the light beautifully.

Where Does Toetoe Come From?

This striking grass calls New Zealand home, where it naturally thrives in coastal and inland areas. In its native habitat, toetoe plays an important ecological role and has cultural significance for the Māori people of New Zealand.

Should You Plant Toetoe in Your Garden?

The answer depends on your space, climate, and gardening goals. Here are some factors to consider:

Reasons you might love toetoe:

  • Creates stunning architectural interest in large landscapes
  • Provides year-round structure and movement
  • Tolerates coastal conditions exceptionally well
  • Drought tolerant once established
  • Low maintenance once mature

Reasons toetoe might not be right for you:

  • Requires significant space to reach its full potential
  • Can overwhelm smaller gardens
  • Not native to most regions outside New Zealand
  • Limited direct benefits for local pollinators

Growing Conditions and Care

If you decide toetoe is right for your landscape, here’s what it needs to thrive:

Climate Requirements: Toetoe performs best in USDA hardiness zones 8-10, where it can handle mild winters and warm summers.

Light and Soil: Give your toetoe full sun and well-draining soil. It’s not particularly fussy about soil type but abhors waterlogged conditions.

Watering: While toetoe is drought tolerant once established, it appreciates regular watering during its first growing season. After that, it can largely fend for itself, though it will look better with occasional deep watering during dry spells.

Planting and Maintenance Tips

Space Planning: Don’t underestimate toetoe’s space requirements. Plant it where it has room to spread and won’t crowd out other plants or obstruct pathways.

Annual Pruning: Cut back the foliage in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. This keeps the plant looking tidy and encourages fresh, vigorous growth.

Patience is Key: Toetoe takes time to establish and reach its full glory. Don’t expect instant gratification – this is a plant that rewards patience with years of dramatic beauty.

Landscape Design Ideas

Toetoe works beautifully as:

  • A dramatic specimen plant in contemporary landscapes
  • A natural windbreak or privacy screen
  • An architectural element in coastal gardens
  • A backdrop for smaller ornamental plants

Consider Native Alternatives

While toetoe can be a stunning addition to suitable gardens, consider exploring native grass alternatives that provide similar aesthetic appeal while supporting local ecosystems. Depending on your region, native bunch grasses, sedges, or other ornamental grasses might offer comparable beauty with greater ecological benefits.

Before planting toetoe, research what magnificent native grasses grow naturally in your area – you might discover an even better option that feeds local wildlife and fits seamlessly into your regional landscape.

The Bottom Line

Toetoe is undeniably impressive when grown in the right conditions and given adequate space. If you have a large landscape in zones 8-10 and appreciate bold, architectural plants, it could be a wonderful addition to your garden. Just remember to balance its exotic appeal with native plantings that support your local ecosystem, and you’ll have the best of both worlds.

Toetoe

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Poaceae Barnhart - Grass family

Genus

Cortaderia Stapf - pampas grass

Species

Cortaderia toetoe Zotov - toetoe

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA