North America Non-native Plant

Southern Pea

Botanical name: Vigna unguiculata unguiculata

USDA symbol: VIUNU

Native status: Not native but doesn't reproduce and persist in the wild

Synonyms: Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi ex Hassk. (VISI5)   

Southern Pea: A Wildlife-Friendly Garden Addition with Limited Information If you’ve stumbled across the botanical name Vigna unguiculata unguiculata while researching plants for your garden, you might be wondering what exactly this southern pea is all about. While this particular nomenclature presents some challenges in terms of available growing information, ...

Southern Pea: A Wildlife-Friendly Garden Addition with Limited Information

If you’ve stumbled across the botanical name Vigna unguiculata unguiculata while researching plants for your garden, you might be wondering what exactly this southern pea is all about. While this particular nomenclature presents some challenges in terms of available growing information, what we do know suggests it could be an interesting addition to wildlife-friendly gardens.

What’s in a Name?

Known commonly as the southern pea, Vigna unguiculata unguiculata has the synonym Vigna sinensis. However, gardeners should be aware that detailed growing information specific to this exact botanical classification is surprisingly limited in current horticultural literature.

Geographic Distribution and Native Status

Unfortunately, the native status and geographic distribution of Vigna unguiculata unguiculata remain unclear based on available data sources. This makes it challenging to recommend whether this plant would be appropriate for native gardening initiatives in your area.

Why Wildlife Loves Southern Peas

Here’s where things get interesting! Despite the limited growing information, we do have solid data on this plant’s wildlife value:

  • Large animals use it for 5-10% of their diet, though they don’t typically use it for cover
  • Small mammals similarly incorporate it into 5-10% of their diet
  • Terrestrial birds are the biggest fans, making it 10-25% of their diet and occasionally using it for cover

This wildlife data suggests that southern pea could be a valuable addition to gardens designed to support local fauna, particularly bird populations.

The Growing Challenge

Here’s where we hit a snag: specific growing conditions, USDA hardiness zones, planting tips, and care requirements for Vigna unguiculata unguiculata are not well-documented in standard horticultural resources. This lack of information makes it difficult to provide confident growing advice.

Should You Plant It?

Given the limited available information, here’s our honest assessment:

  • Pros: Excellent wildlife value, especially for birds
  • Cons: Unclear native status, limited growing information, unknown invasive potential

If you’re interested in this plant, we’d recommend contacting your local extension office or native plant society to see if they have additional information about southern peas in your region.

Alternative Considerations

Since the native status of this particular plant is unclear, you might want to explore well-documented native legumes in your area that could provide similar wildlife benefits. Your local native plant society can recommend alternatives that are definitely native to your region and come with reliable growing information.

The Bottom Line

While Vigna unguiculata unguiculata shows promise as a wildlife-supporting plant, the lack of detailed horticultural information makes it a somewhat risky choice for gardeners seeking predictable results. If you do decide to experiment with this plant, proceed with caution and monitor its behavior in your garden carefully.

Sometimes the most honest gardening advice is admitting when we don’t have all the answers – and this appears to be one of those cases!

Wildlife Status

Want to attract wildlife or keep hungry critters away from your garden? Understanding the relationship between plants and wildlife is key. While plant tags may indicate deer and rabbit resistance, they don't tell the full story. Every gardener has experienced the disappointment of purchasing "deer-resistant" plants only to find them nibbled to the ground!

The extent to which plants are resistant to animal browsing is a matter of degree. Likewise, the extent to which a plant attracts wanted visitors also varies. Whether you want a garden full or free of wildlife, learning about interactions between a plant and wild animals can help you make smarter choices for the garden you desire.

As shown below Shrubby Indian Mallow isn't a large food source for animals or birds. You can confidently add this plant to your garden and rest assured knowing it's unlikely to be devoured by four-legged visitors.

Small animals

5-10% of diet

Infrequently used as cover

Large animals

5-10% of diet

Infrequently used as cover

Terrestrial birds

Average 10-25% of diet

Occasional source of cover

Water birds

not a food source

not a source of cover

Sources:

Yarrow, G.K., and D.T. Yarrow. 1999. Managing wildlife. Sweet Water Press. Birmingham.Martin, A.C., H.S. Zim, and A.L. Nelson. 1951. American wildlife and plants: A guide to wildlife food habits. Dover Publications. New York.

Southern Pea

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Fabales

Family

Fabaceae Lindl. - Pea family

Genus

Vigna Savi - cowpea

Species

Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. - cowpea

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA