Sorghum: The Towering Grass That Sparks Garden Debates
If you’ve ever wondered about that tall, stately grass with impressive seed heads swaying in the breeze, you might be looking at sorghum. Also known as sorgrass, this graminoid (that’s fancy talk for grass-like plant) certainly makes a statement in any landscape. But before you rush to plant it, there are some important things every responsible gardener should know.
What Exactly Is Sorghum?
Sorghum is a robust grass that can grow as either an annual or perennial, depending on the species and your local climate. As a member of the graminoid family, it shares company with other grasses, sedges, and rushes. Its architectural form and substantial seed heads make it a standout in any garden setting.
The Native Status Reality Check
Here’s where things get a bit complicated: sorghum isn’t native to North America. This non-native species has established itself across the continent and now reproduces on its own in the wild throughout Hawaii, the lower 48 states, the Pacific Basin, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. While its status in Canada appears undefined, it’s worth noting that some locations have restrictions—for instance, certain areas classify it as a restricted noxious weed when it comes to seed distribution.
Where You’ll Find Sorghum Growing
Sorghum has quite the impressive range, popping up in states from Alabama to Wyoming, and everywhere in between. You’ll find it thriving in places as diverse as California’s warm valleys and Maine’s cooler climate. It’s also established in various U.S. territories including Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.
Garden Appeal and Landscape Role
Despite its non-native status, sorghum does offer some garden benefits. Its tall, upright growth habit creates excellent vertical interest in landscapes, and those distinctive seed heads add texture and movement. It works particularly well in:
- Prairie-style gardens
- Wildlife gardens (with caveats)
- Large landscape settings where screening is needed
- Contemporary and naturalistic designs
Wildlife Benefits Worth Noting
Sorghum does provide some wildlife value, particularly for birds. Research shows it contributes about 5-10% of the diet for both water birds and terrestrial birds, though they don’t typically use it for cover. While this is helpful for wildlife, it’s worth considering that native plants typically provide much more comprehensive ecosystem benefits.
Growing Conditions and Care
If you do choose to grow sorghum, you’ll find it’s generally low-maintenance. It typically prefers:
- Full sun exposure
- Well-draining soils
- Drought tolerance once established
- Minimal fertilization needs
The specific hardiness zones depend on which type of sorghum you’re growing, as some are treated as annuals in cooler climates while others can be perennial in warmer zones.
Should You Plant Sorghum?
This is where responsible gardening comes into play. While sorghum isn’t necessarily invasive everywhere, its non-native status and ability to self-seed means it’s worth thinking twice. If you’re drawn to its aesthetic appeal, consider exploring native grass alternatives that could provide similar visual impact while supporting local ecosystems more effectively.
Some native alternatives to consider might include native bunch grasses or other indigenous graminoids that offer similar height and texture but with better ecological integration.
The Bottom Line
Sorghum can be an attractive addition to certain garden styles, and it does provide some wildlife benefits. However, as a non-native species with the ability to naturalize, it’s worth weighing these benefits against the value of choosing native plants that support local ecosystems more comprehensively. Whatever you decide, make sure you’re aware of any local restrictions and consider the broader ecological impact of your planting choices.
