North America Non-native Plant

Smallflower Bruguiera

Botanical name: Bruguiera parviflora

USDA symbol: BRPA15

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: tree

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in Hawaii  

Smallflower Bruguiera: A Tropical Mangrove Tree for Wetland Gardens If you’re dreaming of creating a tropical wetland oasis in your Hawaii garden, you might have stumbled across the smallflower bruguiera (Bruguiera parviflora). This intriguing mangrove tree brings a touch of Southeast Asian coastal beauty to appropriate landscapes, though it comes ...

Smallflower Bruguiera: A Tropical Mangrove Tree for Wetland Gardens

If you’re dreaming of creating a tropical wetland oasis in your Hawaii garden, you might have stumbled across the smallflower bruguiera (Bruguiera parviflora). This intriguing mangrove tree brings a touch of Southeast Asian coastal beauty to appropriate landscapes, though it comes with some very specific needs that make it quite the particular houseguest!

What is Smallflower Bruguiera?

Smallflower bruguiera is a perennial tree that typically grows 13-16 feet tall, though it can reach greater heights under ideal conditions. As its name suggests, this mangrove species produces small, yellowish flowers that add subtle charm to its glossy green foliage. Don’t let the small in its name fool you though – this tree makes a substantial presence in any landscape where it thrives.

Native Status and Distribution

Here’s where things get interesting: while smallflower bruguiera has made itself quite at home in Hawaii, it’s actually a newcomer from Southeast Asia, including Malaysia, Thailand, and northern Australia. It’s what botanists call a naturalized species – meaning it arrived as an introduction but now reproduces on its own in Hawaiian wetlands.

The Wetland Specialist

This tree is what we call an obligate wetland species, which is a fancy way of saying it absolutely, positively must have its feet wet nearly all the time. We’re talking consistently waterlogged soils – the kind of conditions that would make most plants throw in the towel (or should we say, throw in the soggy towel?).

Growing Conditions and Care

If you’re considering adding smallflower bruguiera to your landscape, here are the non-negotiable requirements:

  • Climate: USDA hardiness zones 10-11 only – this tree needs tropical warmth year-round
  • Soil: Consistently wet to waterlogged conditions; tolerates saltwater
  • Location: Coastal properties or constructed wetland gardens
  • Maintenance: Minimal once established, but requires constant moisture

Is This Tree Right for Your Garden?

Smallflower bruguiera could be perfect if you:

  • Live in tropical Hawaii with access to consistent water
  • Have a wetland garden or coastal property
  • Want to create habitat for insects and small pollinators
  • Appreciate unique, tropical landscape elements

However, you might want to look elsewhere if you:

  • Live outside of zones 10-11
  • Don’t have access to constant water or wetland conditions
  • Prefer lower-maintenance plants
  • Want to stick strictly to native Hawaiian species

Native Alternatives to Consider

While smallflower bruguiera can be a interesting addition to appropriate Hawaiian landscapes, you might also consider native Hawaiian wetland trees that provide similar benefits while supporting local ecosystems. Research native options that naturally belong in Hawaiian wetlands for the most sustainable landscape choices.

The Bottom Line

Smallflower bruguiera is definitely not your average backyard tree – it’s a specialist that demands specific conditions but rewards patient gardeners with unique tropical beauty. If you have the right wetland conditions and live in tropical Hawaii, this naturalized species can add an interesting element to your landscape. Just remember: this tree’s motto is location, location, location – and that location better be wet!

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Hawaii

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Smallflower Bruguiera

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Rhizophorales

Family

Rhizophoraceae Pers. - Red Mangrove family

Genus

Bruguiera Savigny - bruguiera

Species

Bruguiera parviflora (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. ex Griffith - smallflower bruguiera

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA