Sagebrush (Artemisia): A Complex Genus for the Thoughtful Gardener
If you’ve ever wandered through the American West and caught a whiff of that distinctive, sharp-sweet aroma after a rain, you’ve likely encountered sagebrush. But here’s where things get interesting (and a bit complicated): Artemisia isn’t just one plant—it’s an entire genus containing hundreds of species, each with its own personality, native range, and garden potential.
What Exactly Is Artemisia?
Artemisia, commonly known as sagebrush, encompasses a diverse group of plants that range from tiny ground-huggers to substantial shrubs. These are biennial plants, meaning they typically complete their life cycle over two growing seasons. The genus includes species with twining or climbing growth habits, featuring stems that can be either woody or herbaceous depending on the specific type.
Where Does Sagebrush Call Home?
This is where Artemisia gets really interesting from a native gardening perspective. The geographical distribution is incredibly broad, spanning virtually all of North America. You’ll find various Artemisia species growing naturally from Alaska to Alabama, from British Columbia to Florida, and everywhere in between—including all Canadian provinces and territories, all U.S. states, and even extending to places like Palau, Labrador, and Newfoundland.
However, the native status is complicated. While many Artemisia species are indeed native to various parts of North America, some populations in regions like the Pacific Basin (excluding Hawaii) and St. Pierre and Miquelon consist of non-native species that have naturalized and now reproduce spontaneously in the wild.
Why Wildlife Loves Sagebrush
One of the most compelling reasons to consider appropriate Artemisia species is their wildlife value. According to wildlife food studies, these plants serve as important food sources:
- Large animals rely on Artemisia for 10-25% of their diet and occasionally use it for cover
- Small mammals consume it more sparingly (2-5% of diet) but still use it for sparse cover
- Terrestrial birds incorporate it into 10-25% of their diet and occasionally seek shelter among the plants
Should You Plant Sagebrush in Your Garden?
Here’s where thoughtful gardening comes into play. Because Artemisia is such a diverse genus, the answer isn’t simply yes or no—it depends entirely on which species you’re considering and where you’re located.
The key is to focus on species that are native to your specific region. Since some Artemisia species have naturalized outside their native ranges, it’s crucial to research which species belong in your local ecosystem. Native species will provide the best wildlife benefits while supporting local biodiversity.
A Word of Caution
Given the complex native status and the fact that some Artemisia species have established themselves outside their natural ranges, it’s essential to:
- Consult with local native plant societies or extension services
- Choose species specifically native to your area
- Avoid planting species that might be considered weedy or inappropriate for your region
- Consider native alternatives if you’re unsure about a particular species
The Bottom Line
Artemisia represents both the promise and the complexity of native gardening. When you choose the right species for your region, you’re supporting wildlife and celebrating your local ecosystem. When you choose poorly, you might inadvertently introduce a plant that doesn’t belong. The genus offers tremendous potential for wildlife gardens and naturalistic landscapes—just make sure you’re planting the species that truly call your area home.
Before adding any Artemisia to your garden, take time to research the specific species that are native to your region. Your local wildlife—and your fellow gardeners—will thank you for it.
