North America Non-native Plant

Rhizoma Peanut

Botanical name: Arachis hagenbeckii

USDA symbol: ARHA10

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Arachis glabrata Benth. var. hagenbeckii (Harms) F.J. Herm. (ARGLH4)   

Rhizoma Peanut (Arachis hagenbeckii): A Lesser-Known Perennial Groundcover If you’ve stumbled across the name rhizoma peanut in your gardening research, you might be scratching your head wondering what exactly this plant is all about. Arachis hagenbeckii, commonly known as rhizoma peanut, is one of those plants that doesn’t get a ...

Rhizoma Peanut (Arachis hagenbeckii): A Lesser-Known Perennial Groundcover

If you’ve stumbled across the name rhizoma peanut in your gardening research, you might be scratching your head wondering what exactly this plant is all about. Arachis hagenbeckii, commonly known as rhizoma peanut, is one of those plants that doesn’t get a lot of spotlight in the gardening world – and there’s a good reason for that.

What Exactly Is Rhizoma Peanut?

Rhizoma peanut is a perennial forb, which means it’s a non-woody plant that comes back year after year. Like other plants in the peanut family, it’s a low-growing groundcover that spreads via underground stems. The plant is classified as a forb – essentially an herbaceous flowering plant that lacks significant woody tissue above ground.

Native Status and Geographic Range

Here’s where things get a bit complicated. Arachis hagenbeckii is not native to the United States. It’s been introduced and has naturalized in some areas, meaning it can reproduce and persist on its own in the wild. Currently, it’s documented as growing in Georgia, though its presence may be limited.

The Information Gap

If you’re hoping for detailed growing guides and landscape design tips for rhizoma peanut, you might be disappointed. This particular species doesn’t have a wealth of readily available information compared to its better-known relatives in the peanut family. Details about its specific growing requirements, hardiness zones, and garden performance are quite limited in botanical literature.

Should You Plant Rhizoma Peanut?

Given the limited information available about Arachis hagenbeckii’s behavior in gardens and landscapes, it’s difficult to make strong recommendations either way. While it’s not currently listed as invasive or noxious, the lack of comprehensive data about its growth habits and ecological impact means you’d be taking a bit of a gamble.

Better Native Alternatives

If you’re looking for native groundcover options that can provide similar benefits to what a peanut-family plant might offer, consider these alternatives:

  • Wild strawberry (Fragaria virginiana) – excellent native groundcover
  • Creeping phlox (Phlox subulata) – beautiful flowering carpet
  • Wild ginger (Asarum canadense) – perfect for shady spots
  • Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) – evergreen with berries

The Bottom Line

While rhizoma peanut might sound intriguing, the lack of detailed growing information and its non-native status make it a questionable choice for most gardeners. Your time and garden space are probably better invested in well-documented native plants that support local ecosystems and come with tried-and-true growing guides.

If you’re specifically interested in leguminous groundcovers, consider researching native wild lupines, clovers, or vetches that are appropriate for your region. These plants will give you the nitrogen-fixing benefits of the pea family while supporting native pollinators and wildlife.

How

Rhizoma Peanut

Grows

Growing season

Spring, Summer, Fall

Lifespan

Long

Growth form & shape

Rhizomatous and Prostrate

Growth rate

Rapid

Height at 20 years
Maximum height

1.3

Foliage color

Green

Summer foliage density
Winter foliage density
Foliage retention

No

Flowering

Yes

Flower color

Yellow

Fruit/seeds

No

Fruit/seed color
Allelopath

No

Nitrogen fixing

Medium

Toxic

None

C:N Ratio

Low

Fire Resistant

Yes

Foliage Texture

Fine

Low-growing Grass

No

Resproutability

No

Coppice Ability

No

Bloat

None

Rhizoma Peanut

Growing Conditions

Adapted to Coarse Soil

Yes

Adapted to Medium Soil

Yes

Adapted to Fine Soil

No

Anaerobic tolerance

None

CaCO₃ tolerance

Medium

Cold Stratification

No

Drought tolerance

Medium

Nutrient requirement

Low

Fire tolerance

High

Frost-free days minimum

365

Hedge tolerance

None

Moisture requirement

Medium

pH range

5.0 to 7.5

Plants per acre

4800 to 19000

Precipitation range (in)

30 to 60

Min root depth (in)

20

Salt tolerance

Low

Shade tolerance

Intolerant

Min temperature (F)

17

Cultivating

Rhizoma Peanut

Flowering season

Mid Summer

Commercial availability

Routinely Available

Fruit/seed abundance
Fruit/seed season
Fruit/seed persistence

No

Propagated by bare root

No

Propagated by bulb

No

Propagated by container

No

Propagated by corm

No

Propagated by cuttings

No

Propagated by seed

No

Propagated by sod

No

Propagated by sprigs

Yes

Propagated by tubers

No

Seed per pound
Seed spread rate

None

Seedling vigor
Small grain

No

Vegetative spread rate

Rapid

Rhizoma Peanut

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Fabales

Family

Fabaceae Lindl. - Pea family

Genus

Arachis L. - peanut

Species

Arachis hagenbeckii Harms - rhizoma peanut

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA