North America Non-native Plant

Paraguayan Windmill Grass

Botanical name: Chloris canterai var. canterai

USDA symbol: CHCAC5

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in the lower 48 states  

Paraguayan Windmill Grass: What You Need to Know About This Non-Native Perennial If you’ve spotted a delicate grass with distinctive windmill-shaped seed heads in the southeastern United States, you might be looking at Paraguayan windmill grass (Chloris canterai var. canterai). This South American native has made itself at home in ...

Paraguayan Windmill Grass: What You Need to Know About This Non-Native Perennial

If you’ve spotted a delicate grass with distinctive windmill-shaped seed heads in the southeastern United States, you might be looking at Paraguayan windmill grass (Chloris canterai var. canterai). This South American native has made itself at home in parts of Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas, but before you consider adding it to your garden, there are a few things worth knowing about this interesting but non-native perennial grass.

What Is Paraguayan Windmill Grass?

Paraguayan windmill grass is a perennial grass species that belongs to the broader family of grasses and grass-like plants. Originally from the Paraguay region of South America, this grass has earned its common name from the distinctive windmill-like appearance of its seed heads, which catch the eye as they sway in the breeze.

As a non-native species, this grass has established itself in the wild across three southeastern states, reproducing without human assistance and persisting in these areas. While it’s not currently listed as invasive or noxious, its ability to spread spontaneously means it’s worth approaching with some caution.

Where Does It Grow?

Currently, Paraguayan windmill grass has been documented growing wild in Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. Its presence in these states suggests it’s well-adapted to the warm, humid conditions of the southeastern United States.

Garden Considerations

While Paraguayan windmill grass can add textural interest to a landscape with its delicate form and moving seed heads, there are several factors to consider before planting it:

  • As a non-native species, it doesn’t provide the same ecological benefits as indigenous grasses
  • Its tendency to spread spontaneously means it might pop up in unexpected places
  • Native wildlife and pollinators have evolved alongside local grass species and may not utilize this plant as effectively

Growing Conditions and Care

If you do encounter this grass or are considering it for your landscape, it appears to be quite adaptable. Based on its successful establishment in the southeastern states, it likely thrives in USDA hardiness zones 8-10 and can tolerate various soil conditions. Like many grasses, it’s probably drought-tolerant once established and requires minimal maintenance.

Better Native Alternatives

For gardeners interested in incorporating beautiful grasses into their landscapes, consider these native alternatives that provide similar aesthetic appeal while supporting local ecosystems:

  • Little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) – offers beautiful fall color and seed heads
  • Purple top tridens (Tridens flavus) – provides delicate, airy texture
  • Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides) – creates bold architectural presence
  • Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) – excellent for naturalized areas

The Bottom Line

While Paraguayan windmill grass isn’t necessarily harmful, choosing native grass species for your landscape will better support local wildlife, pollinators, and the broader ecosystem. Native grasses are also typically better adapted to local growing conditions, often requiring less water and maintenance once established. If you’re drawn to the delicate, windmill-like aesthetic of this grass, explore native alternatives that can provide similar visual interest while contributing to a healthier, more sustainable landscape.

Remember, every plant choice in our gardens is an opportunity to support native biodiversity. When we choose plants that evolved alongside our local wildlife, we create spaces that truly belong to their place – and that’s something worth growing toward.

Paraguayan Windmill Grass

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Poaceae Barnhart - Grass family

Genus

Chloris Sw. - windmill grass

Species

Chloris canterai Arechav. - Paraguayan windmill grass

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA