North America Non-native Plant

Mullein

Botanical name: Verbascum ×pterocaulon

USDA symbol: VEPT

Life cycle: biennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in the lower 48 states  

Mullein (Verbascum ×pterocaulon): A Non-Native Garden Consideration If you’ve stumbled across Verbascum ×pterocaulon in your plant research, you’ve discovered a rather mysterious member of the mullein family. This hybrid species, known simply as mullein, represents an interesting case study in non-native plants that have found their way into American landscapes. ...

Mullein (Verbascum ×pterocaulon): A Non-Native Garden Consideration

If you’ve stumbled across Verbascum ×pterocaulon in your plant research, you’ve discovered a rather mysterious member of the mullein family. This hybrid species, known simply as mullein, represents an interesting case study in non-native plants that have found their way into American landscapes.

What Exactly Is This Plant?

Verbascum ×pterocaulon is a non-native forb that has established itself in parts of the United States. As a forb, it’s essentially a flowering plant without significant woody tissue – think of it as an herbaceous plant that puts its energy into flowers rather than building a woody trunk or stems like shrubs and trees do.

This particular species can live as either a biennial (completing its life cycle over two years) or a perennial (coming back year after year). The flexibility in its life cycle strategy shows just how adaptable this plant can be.

Where You’ll Find It

Currently, this mullein species has been documented growing in Colorado, where it reproduces on its own without human intervention. It’s managed to establish itself and persist in the wild, which speaks to its hardy nature.

The Native Plant Perspective

Here’s where things get a bit complicated from a native gardening standpoint. Since Verbascum ×pterocaulon is non-native to North America, it doesn’t provide the same ecological benefits that our native plants offer. While we don’t have definitive information about its invasive potential, the fact that it spreads and persists on its own in the wild suggests it’s quite capable of holding its own – perhaps too capable.

As native plant enthusiasts, we generally encourage gardeners to consider indigenous alternatives that support local ecosystems, provide food for native pollinators, and maintain the natural character of regional landscapes.

Native Alternatives to Consider

Instead of planting this non-native mullein, consider these fantastic native alternatives that offer similar garden appeal:

  • Native Verbascum species (if available in your region)
  • Wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) for tall, striking flowers
  • Compass plant (Silphium laciniatum) for dramatic height and wildlife value
  • Native asters and goldenrods for late-season interest

If You’re Still Considering It

Unfortunately, specific growing information for Verbascum ×pterocaulon is quite limited. What we do know is that most mullein species are generally tough, drought-tolerant plants that prefer well-drained soils and full sun conditions. They’re often found in disturbed soils and can handle poor growing conditions that might challenge other plants.

However, given the lack of detailed cultivation information and its non-native status, we’d recommend focusing your gardening efforts on well-documented native species that will provide guaranteed benefits to your local ecosystem.

The Bottom Line

While Verbascum ×pterocaulon might seem like an interesting addition to your garden, the combination of limited growing information and its non-native status makes it a questionable choice for environmentally conscious gardeners. Your garden space is valuable real estate – why not use it to support plants that truly belong in your local ecosystem?

By choosing native plants instead, you’ll create a garden that not only looks beautiful but also supports local wildlife, requires less maintenance once established, and helps preserve the natural heritage of your region. Now that’s what we call a win-win situation!

Mullein

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Verbascum L. - mullein

Species

Verbascum ×pterocaulon Franch. [blattaria × thapsus] - mullein

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA