Lily of the Incas: A Colorful Non-Native Perennial for Southern Gardens
If you’ve ever admired those gorgeous, long-lasting cut flowers with delicate, orchid-like blooms at the florist, you’ve likely encountered the lily of the Incas (Alstroemeria). This South American native has made its way into gardens across the southeastern United States, bringing vibrant colors and excellent cut flower potential to the landscape.
What is Lily of the Incas?
Lily of the Incas, scientifically known as Alstroemeria, is a perennial forb that grows from underground rhizomes. Don’t let the lily in its common name fool you – this plant isn’t actually a true lily at all! It’s an herbaceous perennial that lacks woody tissue and produces its colorful flowers in clusters atop sturdy stems.
As a non-native species originally from South America, Alstroemeria has established itself in parts of the southeastern United States, including Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi, where it reproduces naturally in the wild.
Why Gardeners Love (and Sometimes Question) This Plant
There’s no denying the visual appeal of lily of the Incas. The plant produces stunning tubular flowers in vibrant shades of pink, orange, yellow, red, and white, often with intricate markings and speckles that make each bloom a tiny work of art. The flowers appear in clusters and make exceptional cut flowers, lasting up to two weeks in a vase.
However, as a non-native species, some gardeners prefer to focus on plants that naturally belong in their local ecosystem. While Alstroemeria isn’t currently listed as invasive in most areas where it grows, it’s worth considering native alternatives that can provide similar beauty while supporting local wildlife.
Growing Conditions and Care
If you decide to grow lily of the Incas, here’s what you need to know:
Preferred Growing Conditions
- Light: Partial shade to full sun (morning sun with afternoon shade is ideal in hot climates)
- Soil: Well-draining soil is essential – these plants hate wet feet
- Water: Moderate moisture; drought tolerant once established
- Climate: Thrives in USDA hardiness zones 7-10
Planting and Care Tips
- Plant rhizomes in spring after the last frost
- Space plants 12-18 inches apart
- Apply mulch around plants for winter protection in cooler zones
- Divide clumps every 3-4 years to prevent overcrowding
- Deadhead spent flowers to encourage more blooms
- Cut back foliage after it dies back naturally in winter
Garden Design and Landscape Use
Lily of the Incas works beautifully in several garden settings:
- Cut flower gardens: Perfect for providing long-lasting blooms for indoor arrangements
- Perennial borders: Adds mid-season color and texture
- Container gardens: Excellent for pots and planters
- Cottage gardens: Fits the informal, colorful aesthetic perfectly
Wildlife and Pollinator Benefits
While not native, lily of the Incas does provide some benefits to wildlife. The tubular flowers attract hummingbirds and certain butterfly species, though these visitors would benefit more from native plant alternatives that have co-evolved with local ecosystems.
Native Alternatives to Consider
For gardeners interested in supporting native ecosystems while still enjoying colorful blooms, consider these southeastern native alternatives:
- Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis): Brilliant red tubular flowers that hummingbirds adore
- Wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa): Lavender-pink flowers beloved by butterflies and bees
- Coral honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens): Native vine with orange-red tubular flowers
- Fire pink (Silene virginica): Striking red flowers that attract hummingbirds and butterflies
The Bottom Line
Lily of the Incas is undeniably beautiful and can be a lovely addition to gardens in zones 7-10, especially if you’re passionate about cut flowers. However, as conscious gardeners, it’s worth considering whether native alternatives might better serve both your aesthetic goals and the local ecosystem. Whatever you choose, remember that every garden decision is an opportunity to create beauty while supporting the natural world around us.
