North America Non-native Plant

Leyland Cypress

Botanical name: ×Hesperotropsis leylandii

USDA symbol: HELE4

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: tree

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Callitropsis ×leylandii (A.B. Jacks. & Dallim.) D.P. Little (CALE14)  âš˜  Ã—Cupressocyparis leylandii (Dallim. & A.B. Jacks.) Dallim. (CULE2)  âš˜  Ã—Cuprocyparis leylandii (A.B. Jacks. & Dallim.) Farjon (CULE4)  âš˜  Ã—Neocupropsis leylandii (A.B. Jacks. & Dallim.) de Laub. (NELE4)   

Leyland Cypress: What You Need to Know About This Non-Native Evergreen If you’ve been researching evergreen trees for your landscape, you might have come across the Leyland cypress (×Hesperotropsis leylandii). This perennial tree has gained attention among gardeners, but there are some important things to consider before adding it to ...

Leyland Cypress: What You Need to Know About This Non-Native Evergreen

If you’ve been researching evergreen trees for your landscape, you might have come across the Leyland cypress (×Hesperotropsis leylandii). This perennial tree has gained attention among gardeners, but there are some important things to consider before adding it to your property.

What Is Leyland Cypress?

The Leyland cypress is a non-native tree species that has established itself in parts of the United States, including Mississippi. This evergreen is classified as a perennial woody plant that typically grows as a single-stemmed tree, reaching heights greater than 13 to 16 feet under normal conditions. However, environmental factors can sometimes cause it to develop a multi-stemmed growth pattern or remain shorter than typical tree height.

You might also encounter this tree under several other botanical names, as it has quite a few synonyms including Callitropsis ×leylandii, ×Cupressocyparis leylandii, ×Cuprocyparis leylandii, and ×Neocupropsis leylandii. Don’t let all these names confuse you – they’re all referring to the same plant!

Where Does It Grow?

Currently, this species has been documented as reproducing spontaneously in Mississippi, where it persists in the wild without human intervention. This means it has naturalized in certain areas and can spread on its own.

Should You Plant Leyland Cypress?

Here’s where things get a bit tricky. While this tree isn’t currently listed as invasive or noxious, its status as a non-native species that reproduces spontaneously raises some questions for environmentally conscious gardeners.

The Unknowns

Unfortunately, there’s quite a bit we don’t know about this particular species, including:

  • Its specific wildlife benefits
  • Wetland status and water requirements
  • Detailed growing conditions and care requirements
  • Propagation methods
  • Current invasive potential

Consider Native Alternatives

Given the limited information available about ×Hesperotropsis leylandii and its non-native status, you might want to explore native evergreen alternatives that can provide similar landscape benefits while supporting local ecosystems. Native trees typically offer better wildlife habitat, require less maintenance once established, and are naturally adapted to local growing conditions.

Some excellent native evergreen options to consider include native pine species, cedar, or fir trees that are indigenous to your specific region. These alternatives will provide the evergreen structure you’re looking for while supporting local birds, pollinators, and other wildlife.

The Bottom Line

While Leyland cypress isn’t necessarily a bad choice, the lack of detailed information about its growing requirements, ecological impact, and long-term behavior makes it a bit of a wild card. For most gardeners, especially those interested in sustainable and ecologically beneficial landscaping, native alternatives are likely to be more rewarding and less risky choices.

If you’re set on trying this species, proceed with caution and monitor its behavior in your landscape. Keep an eye on whether it spreads beyond where you’ve planted it, and be prepared to manage it if necessary.

How

Leyland Cypress

Grows

Growing season

Spring and Summer

Lifespan

Long

Growth form & shape

Single Stem and Erect

Growth rate

Rapid

Height at 20 years

40

Maximum height

70.0

Foliage color

Green

Summer foliage density

Dense

Winter foliage density

Dense

Foliage retention

Yes

Flowering

No

Flower color

Brown

Fruit/seeds

Yes

Fruit/seed color

Brown

Allelopath

No

Nitrogen fixing

None

Toxic

None

C:N Ratio

High

Fire Resistant

No

Foliage Texture

Coarse

Low-growing Grass

No

Resproutability

No

Coppice Ability

No

Bloat

None

Leyland Cypress

Growing Conditions

Adapted to Coarse Soil

Yes

Adapted to Medium Soil

Yes

Adapted to Fine Soil

Yes

Anaerobic tolerance

None

CaCO₃ tolerance

Low

Cold Stratification

No

Drought tolerance

Medium

Nutrient requirement

Medium

Fire tolerance

None

Frost-free days minimum

180

Hedge tolerance

Low

Moisture requirement

Medium

pH range

6.0 to 7.5

Plants per acre

100 to 700

Precipitation range (in)

20 to 100

Min root depth (in)

20

Salt tolerance

Low

Shade tolerance

Intolerant

Min temperature (F)

7

Cultivating

Leyland Cypress

Flowering season

Spring

Commercial availability

Routinely Available

Fruit/seed abundance

Low

Fruit/seed season

Spring to Fall

Fruit/seed persistence

Yes

Propagated by bare root

Yes

Propagated by bulb

No

Propagated by container

Yes

Propagated by corm

No

Propagated by cuttings

Yes

Propagated by seed

No

Propagated by sod

No

Propagated by sprigs

No

Propagated by tubers

No

Seed per pound
Seed spread rate

None

Seedling vigor
Small grain

No

Vegetative spread rate

None

Leyland Cypress

Classification

Group

Gymnosperm

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Coniferophyta - Conifers

Subdivision
Class

Pinopsida

Subclass
Order

Pinales

Family

Cupressaceae Gray - Cypress family

Genus

×Hesperotropsis Garland & Gerry Moore [Hesperocyparis × Callitropsis] - hybrid cypress

Species

×Hesperotropsis leylandii (A.B. Jacks. & Dallim.) Garland & Gerry Moore [Hesperocyparis macrocarpa × Callitropsis nootkatensis] - Leyland cypress

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA