North America Non-native Plant

Leafy Goosefoot

Botanical name: Chenopodium foliosum

USDA symbol: CHFO2

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in Canada âš˜ Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Blitum virgatum L. (BLVI2)  âš˜  Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Asch. var. parvicapitatum S.L. Welsh (CHCAP4)  âš˜  Chenopodium virgatum (L.) Ambrosi, non Thunb. (CHVI15)  âš˜  Morocarpus foliosus Moench (MOFO2)   

Leafy Goosefoot: A Quirky Annual with Red Berry Clusters If you’re looking for an unusual annual that brings both ornamental charm and a bit of wild character to your garden, leafy goosefoot (Chenopodium foliosum) might just catch your eye. This distinctive member of the amaranth family stands out with its ...

Leafy Goosefoot: A Quirky Annual with Red Berry Clusters

If you’re looking for an unusual annual that brings both ornamental charm and a bit of wild character to your garden, leafy goosefoot (Chenopodium foliosum) might just catch your eye. This distinctive member of the amaranth family stands out with its clusters of bright red, berry-like fruits that look almost too good to be real.

What Exactly Is Leafy Goosefoot?

Leafy goosefoot is an annual forb – essentially a non-woody herbaceous plant that completes its entire life cycle in one growing season. You might also encounter it under some of its synonyms like Blitum virgatum or Chenopodium capitatum, which can make plant identification a bit of a puzzle for gardeners.

As its common name suggests, this plant is part of the goosefoot family, known for their distinctively shaped leaves. The leafy part of the name becomes apparent when you see how lush and verdant this annual can become under the right conditions.

Where Does It Grow?

Originally hailing from Europe and Asia, leafy goosefoot has established itself across much of North America. You can find it growing in a impressive range of locations, from Alberta down to California, and from Maine across to Washington. It’s also present in Colorado, Idaho, Massachusetts, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

This wide distribution tells us something important about leafy goosefoot: it’s quite adaptable to different climates and growing conditions.

The Appeal Factor

What makes leafy goosefoot garden-worthy? The star attraction is definitely those eye-catching clusters of small, bright red fruits that develop after the inconspicuous flowers fade. These berry-like structures create an almost jewel-like effect against the plant’s green foliage, adding unexpected pops of color to the garden.

The plant itself grows as an upright annual, reaching modest heights that won’t overwhelm your garden beds. Its triangular leaves provide a nice textural contrast to more common garden plants, and the overall growth habit has a somewhat wild, naturalized appearance that works well in cottage-style or informal gardens.

Where It Fits in Your Garden

Leafy goosefoot works best in gardens where a slightly wild, naturalized look is welcome. Consider it for:

  • Cottage gardens where self-seeding annuals add charm
  • Herb or kitchen gardens (the leaves are edible when young)
  • Wildlife gardens where the seeds provide food for birds
  • Areas where you want low-maintenance plants that can handle themselves

Its facultative upland status means it typically prefers well-drained sites but can tolerate occasional moisture, making it quite versatile in landscape placement.

Growing Conditions and Care

One of leafy goosefoot’s best qualities is its easy-going nature. This annual thrives in full sun to partial shade and isn’t particularly fussy about soil quality. It actually performs well in poor to average soils, though it will appreciate good drainage.

The plant can be grown across USDA hardiness zones 3-9, making it accessible to gardeners in most temperate regions. As a cool-season annual, it often performs best when temperatures aren’t at their peak summer intensity.

Planting and Maintenance Tips

Getting leafy goosefoot established in your garden is refreshingly straightforward:

  • Direct sow seeds in early spring or fall
  • Barely cover the seeds with soil – they need light to germinate
  • Water gently until seedlings establish
  • Once established, the plants are quite drought-tolerant
  • Allow some plants to go to seed if you want them to return next year

The beauty of this annual is that it requires minimal intervention once it’s growing. It’s the kind of plant that rewards the lazy gardener approach.

Wildlife and Pollinator Value

While leafy goosefoot isn’t a major pollinator magnet, its small flowers do attract minor pollinators like tiny bees and flies. The real wildlife value comes later in the season when the seeds provide food for various bird species.

A Word About Native Alternatives

It’s worth noting that leafy goosefoot is not native to North America, though it’s not considered invasive either. If you’re committed to exclusively native plantings, you might consider exploring native members of the amaranth family instead, such as lamb’s quarters (Chenopodium album) or native amaranth species that can provide similar textural interest in the garden.

Should You Grow It?

Leafy goosefoot occupies an interesting niche as a garden plant. It’s not going to be the showstopper of your garden, but it offers subtle charm and requires virtually no fussing. If you enjoy plants with a story, appreciate low-maintenance annuals, or want to add some unusual textural elements to your garden, it might be worth trying.

Just remember that this plant can self-seed readily, so be prepared for volunteer seedlings if you let it complete its life cycle. For some gardeners, this is a feature rather than a bug – who doesn’t love free plants that show up exactly where they want to grow?

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Arid West

FACU

Facultative Upland - Plants with this status usually occurs in non-wetlands but may occur in wetlands

Great Plains

FACU

Facultative Upland - Plants with this status usually occurs in non-wetlands but may occur in wetlands

Midwest

FACU

Facultative Upland - Plants with this status usually occurs in non-wetlands but may occur in wetlands

Northcentral & Northeast

FACU

Facultative Upland - Plants with this status usually occurs in non-wetlands but may occur in wetlands

Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast

FACU

Facultative Upland - Plants with this status usually occurs in non-wetlands but may occur in wetlands

Leafy Goosefoot

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Caryophyllidae

Order

Caryophyllales

Family

Chenopodiaceae Vent. - Goosefoot family

Genus

Chenopodium L. - goosefoot

Species

Chenopodium foliosum (Moench) Asch. - leafy goosefoot

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA