North America Non-native Plant

Keyflower

Botanical name: Dactylorhiza majalis praetermissa var. junialis

USDA symbol: DAMAJ

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in Canada  

Keyflower: A Mysterious Garden Plant Worth Understanding If you’ve stumbled across the name keyflower or its scientific designation Dactylorhiza majalis praetermissa var. junialis, you might be scratching your head – and for good reason. This plant presents something of a botanical puzzle that’s worth exploring. What We Know (And What ...

Keyflower: A Mysterious Garden Plant Worth Understanding

If you’ve stumbled across the name keyflower or its scientific designation Dactylorhiza majalis praetermissa var. junialis, you might be scratching your head – and for good reason. This plant presents something of a botanical puzzle that’s worth exploring.

What We Know (And What We Don’t)

Keyflower is classified as a perennial forb, which simply means it’s a non-woody herbaceous plant that comes back year after year. Like other forbs, it lacks the woody stems of shrubs and trees, instead growing from buds at or below ground level each growing season.

This plant has been documented as a non-native species that has established itself in parts of Canada, specifically in Ontario and Newfoundland. It’s what botanists call a naturalized plant – one that arrived from elsewhere but now reproduces on its own in the wild without human intervention.

The Taxonomic Mystery

Here’s where things get interesting (and a bit confusing). The scientific name Dactylorhiza majalis praetermissa var. junialis doesn’t appear in standard botanical references, which raises questions about this plant’s true identity. The genus Dactylorhiza includes beautiful orchid species, but this particular variety classification seems to be either extremely rare in botanical literature or potentially misidentified.

Should You Grow It?

Given the uncertainty around this plant’s exact identity and characteristics, it’s difficult to provide specific growing recommendations. We don’t have reliable information about:

  • Its invasive potential
  • Specific growing requirements
  • Benefits to pollinators or wildlife
  • Appropriate garden settings
  • Care and maintenance needs

A Better Alternative: Native Orchids

If you’re drawn to the idea of growing what might be an orchid-family plant, consider exploring native alternatives instead. Canada boasts several beautiful native orchid species that are better documented and ecologically beneficial:

  • Showy Lady’s Slipper (Cypripedium reginae)
  • Pink Lady’s Slipper (Cypripedium acaule)
  • Large Yellow Lady’s Slipper (Cypripedium parviflorum)

These native beauties support local ecosystems, are well-understood by gardeners, and often have established sources for responsible cultivation.

The Bottom Line

While keyflower remains something of an enigma in the plant world, this uncertainty actually offers a valuable lesson for gardeners. When in doubt about a plant’s identity, characteristics, or potential impact, it’s always wise to choose well-documented native alternatives that you can grow with confidence.

If you believe you’ve encountered this mysterious keyflower in the wild, consider reaching out to local botanists or native plant societies – you might help solve a taxonomic puzzle while contributing to our understanding of Canada’s diverse flora!

Keyflower

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Liliidae

Order

Orchidales

Family

Orchidaceae Juss. - Orchid family

Genus

Dactylorhiza Neck. ex Nevski - keyflower

Species

Dactylorhiza majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerhayes - keyflower

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA