North America Non-native Plant

Horehound-leaf Nettle

Botanical name: Urtica ballotifolia

USDA symbol: URBA3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in the lower 48 states  

Horehound-Leaf Nettle: A Lesser-Known Member of the Nettle Family If you’ve stumbled across the name horehound-leaf nettle (Urtica ballotifolia) while researching plants for your garden, you might be wondering whether this mysterious member of the nettle family deserves a spot in your landscape. The short answer? It’s complicated – and ...

Horehound-Leaf Nettle: A Lesser-Known Member of the Nettle Family

If you’ve stumbled across the name horehound-leaf nettle (Urtica ballotifolia) while researching plants for your garden, you might be wondering whether this mysterious member of the nettle family deserves a spot in your landscape. The short answer? It’s complicated – and here’s why.

What Is Horehound-Leaf Nettle?

Horehound-leaf nettle is a perennial forb, which simply means it’s a non-woody herbaceous plant that comes back year after year. Like other plants in the nettle family, it lacks the significant woody growth you’d find in shrubs or trees, instead producing soft stems and leaves that die back in winter and regrow from the roots each spring.

Where Does It Come From?

Here’s where things get interesting – and a bit concerning. Urtica ballotifolia is not native to North America. It’s an introduced species that has managed to establish itself and reproduce in the wild without human assistance. Currently, it’s been documented growing in Maryland, though its presence in other states remains unclear.

The Challenge with This Plant

If you’re hoping to find detailed growing guides, stunning garden photos, or glowing reviews from fellow gardeners about horehound-leaf nettle, you’re likely to be disappointed. This species falls into that frustrating category of plants that exist in botanical databases but have very little documented horticultural information available.

We simply don’t know enough about:

  • Its mature size and growth rate
  • Preferred growing conditions
  • Cold hardiness zones
  • Whether it’s invasive or well-behaved
  • Its value to pollinators and wildlife
  • How to successfully grow and care for it

Why This Matters for Your Garden

When you’re planning a garden, especially if you’re interested in supporting local ecosystems, choosing plants with unknown environmental impacts can be risky. Since we don’t know whether horehound-leaf nettle has invasive tendencies, planting it could potentially introduce a problem species to your local area.

Better Alternatives to Consider

Instead of gambling on a poorly understood non-native species, consider these well-documented native alternatives that provide similar herbaceous texture and ecological benefits:

  • Wild ginger (Asarum canadense) – A native groundcover with heart-shaped leaves
  • Wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) – A native mint family member loved by pollinators
  • Coral bells (Heuchera species) – Native perennials with attractive foliage
  • Native asters – Provide late-season blooms for pollinators

The Bottom Line

While horehound-leaf nettle might seem intriguing, the lack of available information about its garden performance, environmental impact, and growing requirements makes it a poor choice for most gardeners. Your time and garden space are valuable – why not invest them in native plants with proven track records for beauty, wildlife support, and good garden behavior?

If you’re drawn to the nettle family for its ecological benefits, consider researching whether any native Urtica species grow in your region, or explore the many other native options that provide similar benefits with much more predictable results.

Horehound-leaf Nettle

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Hamamelididae

Order

Urticales

Family

Urticaceae Juss. - Nettle family

Genus

Urtica L. - nettle

Species

Urtica ballotifolia Weddell - horehound-leaf nettle

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA