North America Non-native Plant

Heartleaf Horsenettle

Botanical name: Solanum cardiophyllum

USDA symbol: SOCA19

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in the lower 48 states  

Heartleaf Horsenettle: A Lesser-Known Member of the Nightshade Family If you’ve stumbled across the name heartleaf horsenettle in your plant research, you’re looking at one of the more mysterious members of the Solanum family. Solanum cardiophyllum, as botanists know it, is a perennial forb that has found its way into ...

Heartleaf Horsenettle: A Lesser-Known Member of the Nightshade Family

If you’ve stumbled across the name heartleaf horsenettle in your plant research, you’re looking at one of the more mysterious members of the Solanum family. Solanum cardiophyllum, as botanists know it, is a perennial forb that has found its way into California’s diverse plant landscape, though it didn’t start its journey there.

What Exactly Is Heartleaf Horsenettle?

Heartleaf horsenettle belongs to the nightshade family (Solanaceae), the same plant family that gives us tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplants. As a forb, it’s essentially an herbaceous plant – meaning it lacks the woody stems you’d find on shrubs or trees. Instead, it produces soft, green growth that dies back to underground parts during unfavorable seasons, then pops back up when conditions improve.

The heartleaf part of its common name likely refers to the shape of its leaves, though detailed descriptions of this particular species are surprisingly scarce in gardening literature.

Where Does It Come From and Where Is It Now?

Here’s where things get interesting: heartleaf horsenettle is not native to North America. It’s an introduced species that has established itself and now reproduces on its own in the wild. Currently, you’ll find it growing in California, where it has managed to carve out a niche in the local ecosystem.

Should You Plant Heartleaf Horsenettle?

This is where we hit a bit of a roadblock. While heartleaf horsenettle isn’t currently listed as invasive or noxious, there’s remarkably little information available about its cultivation requirements, garden performance, or ecological impact. This lack of documentation makes it a risky choice for home gardeners.

When a plant species has limited cultivation information, it often means:

  • It may have specific growing requirements that aren’t well understood
  • Its behavior in garden settings is unpredictable
  • Its long-term impact on local ecosystems is unknown

Better Alternatives for Your Garden

Instead of gambling with a poorly documented non-native species, consider these fantastic California native alternatives that offer similar herbaceous beauty:

  • California poppies (Eschscholzia californica) – Bright, cheerful flowers and easy care
  • Farewell-to-spring (Clarkia amoena) – Delicate, colorful blooms perfect for wildflower gardens
  • Baby blue eyes (Nemophila menziesii) – Charming blue flowers that attract beneficial insects
  • Lupines (Lupinus species) – Spectacular flower spikes that support local wildlife

The Bottom Line

While heartleaf horsenettle might sound intriguing, its mysterious nature and non-native status make it a questionable choice for responsible gardening. California is blessed with an incredible diversity of native plants that are better documented, easier to grow, and guaranteed to support local wildlife.

If you’re drawn to the nightshade family, consider native options or well-behaved non-natives with proven track records. Your garden – and California’s ecosystems – will thank you for making informed choices that support biodiversity and sustainable landscaping practices.

Remember: when in doubt, go native! California’s indigenous plants have evolved alongside local wildlife and weather patterns, making them naturally suited for success in your landscape.

Heartleaf Horsenettle

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Solanales

Family

Solanaceae Juss. - Potato family

Genus

Solanum L. - nightshade

Species

Solanum cardiophyllum Lindl. - heartleaf horsenettle

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA