North America Non-native Plant

Hawkweed

Botanical name: Hieracium ×fuscatrum

USDA symbol: HIFU2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in the lower 48 states  

Hawkweed: Understanding the Rare Hieracium ×fuscatrum Hybrid If you’ve stumbled across the name Hieracium ×fuscatrum in your plant research, you’ve discovered one of the more mysterious members of the hawkweed family. This perennial forb represents a fascinating but little-documented hybrid that has quietly established itself in select corners of the ...

Hawkweed: Understanding the Rare Hieracium ×fuscatrum Hybrid

If you’ve stumbled across the name Hieracium ×fuscatrum in your plant research, you’ve discovered one of the more mysterious members of the hawkweed family. This perennial forb represents a fascinating but little-documented hybrid that has quietly established itself in select corners of the northeastern United States.

What Makes This Hawkweed Special

Hieracium ×fuscatrum belongs to the vast and complex hawkweed genus, but the × symbol in its name tells us something important – this is a hybrid species. Hybrids often arise naturally when two different hawkweed species cross-pollinate, creating offspring with characteristics from both parents. Unfortunately, the specific parent species and detailed characteristics of this particular hybrid remain largely undocumented in readily available literature.

Where You’ll Find It

This hawkweed hybrid has a remarkably limited range, having been documented only in Connecticut and New York. Its restricted distribution makes it quite rare compared to some of its more widespread hawkweed cousins that have colonized much larger areas across North America.

Native Status and Garden Considerations

Like many hawkweeds, Hieracium ×fuscatrum is not native to North America. It’s classified as an introduced species that has naturalized and now reproduces on its own in the wild. However, given its extremely limited range and the lack of documentation about invasive behavior, this hybrid appears to have maintained a relatively low profile in the landscape.

As a perennial forb, this plant lacks woody stems and likely dies back to the ground each winter, returning from its root system the following spring – typical behavior for plants in this category.

The Challenge of Growing Something So Rare

Here’s where things get tricky for gardeners interested in this species. The extreme rarity of Hieracium ×fuscatrum means there’s virtually no information available about:

  • Specific growing conditions it prefers
  • USDA hardiness zones
  • Mature size and growth rate
  • Aesthetic characteristics
  • Pollinator or wildlife benefits
  • Propagation methods

This lack of horticultural information, combined with its non-native status, makes it a challenging choice for most garden situations.

Better Alternatives for Your Garden

Instead of seeking out this rare and poorly understood hybrid, consider these native alternatives that offer similar appeal without the uncertainties:

  • Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) – A native perennial with attractive flowers beloved by pollinators
  • New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae) – Provides late-season color and supports native wildlife
  • Wild Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis) – An elegant native perennial perfect for woodland gardens

The Bottom Line

While Hieracium ×fuscatrum represents an interesting botanical curiosity, its rarity, non-native status, and lack of available growing information make it an impractical choice for most gardeners. Your garden – and local ecosystems – will benefit far more from well-researched native plants that support local wildlife and fit predictably into landscape designs.

If you’re fascinated by unusual plants, consider focusing that interest on rare native species that could truly benefit from conservation efforts in home gardens. Your local native plant society can point you toward regionally appropriate rarities that would welcome a helping hand from dedicated gardeners.

Hawkweed

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Asterales

Family

Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl - Aster family

Genus

Hieracium L. - hawkweed

Species

Hieracium ×fuscatrum Naegeli & Peter (pro sp.) [aurantiacum × caespitosum] - hawkweed

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA