North America Non-native Plant

Fireweed Groundsel

Botanical name: Senecio linearifolius var. linearifolius

USDA symbol: SELIL

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in the lower 48 states  

Fireweed Groundsel: A Non-Native Perennial for California Gardens Meet Fireweed groundsel (Senecio linearifolius var. linearifolius), a compact perennial that has made itself at home in California’s diverse landscapes. While this isn’t a native plant, it’s certainly made an impression with its ability to establish and persist in the Golden State’s ...

Fireweed Groundsel: A Non-Native Perennial for California Gardens

Meet Fireweed groundsel (Senecio linearifolius var. linearifolius), a compact perennial that has made itself at home in California’s diverse landscapes. While this isn’t a native plant, it’s certainly made an impression with its ability to establish and persist in the Golden State’s gardens and wild spaces.

What Is Fireweed Groundsel?

Fireweed groundsel is a low-growing perennial shrub that belongs to the vast Senecio genus, which includes hundreds of species worldwide. This particular variety keeps things modest in the height department, typically staying under 1.5 feet tall and never exceeding 3 feet at maturity. Think of it as the garden equivalent of a well-behaved houseguest – it doesn’t take up too much space but definitely makes its presence known.

Where You’ll Find It

Currently, Fireweed groundsel has established itself in California, where it reproduces on its own without any help from gardeners. This non-native species has proven quite adaptable to local conditions and has become part of the naturalized flora in various California habitats.

Native Status: The Important Details

Here’s something every gardener should know: Fireweed groundsel is not native to North America. It’s what botanists call an introduced species – essentially a plant immigrant that has successfully established itself in the wild. While it’s not currently flagged as invasive or noxious, it’s always worth considering native alternatives that provide better support for local wildlife and ecosystems.

Garden Considerations

If you’re thinking about adding Fireweed groundsel to your landscape, here are some things to keep in mind:

  • It’s a perennial, so once established, it’ll return year after year
  • Its compact size makes it suitable for smaller spaces or as a low-growing element in mixed plantings
  • As a non-native species, it may not provide the same wildlife benefits as indigenous plants

Growing Conditions and Care

While specific growing requirements for this variety aren’t well-documented, most Senecio species share some common preferences. However, since detailed cultivation information is limited for this particular plant, gardeners interested in growing it should proceed with careful observation and possibly consult local horticultural experts.

Consider Native Alternatives

Before committing to Fireweed groundsel, why not explore some fantastic native California alternatives? Native plants are typically better adapted to local conditions, require less water and maintenance once established, and provide crucial habitat and food sources for local wildlife, including pollinators and birds.

Some excellent native options that might fill a similar garden role include various California native groundcovers and low-growing shrubs that are naturally suited to your local climate and soil conditions.

The Bottom Line

Fireweed groundsel represents one of those garden plants that sits in the middle ground – not native, but not necessarily problematic either. If you already have it growing in your garden, there’s no immediate cause for concern. However, if you’re planning new plantings, consider giving priority to native species that will better support your local ecosystem while still providing the aesthetic qualities you’re looking for.

Remember, every garden is an opportunity to create habitat and support biodiversity. Whether you choose native or non-native plants, the key is making informed decisions that align with your gardening goals and environmental values.

Fireweed Groundsel

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Asterales

Family

Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl - Aster family

Genus

Senecio L. - ragwort

Species

Senecio linearifolius A. Rich. - Fireweed groundsel

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA