Growing Elm Trees: A Guide to the Ulmus Genus
When it comes to choosing trees for your landscape, elms (Ulmus) represent one of the most widespread and historically significant tree genera in North America. But before you rush to plant one, there are some important considerations to keep in mind about these perennial woody plants.
What Exactly Are Elms?
Elms belong to the genus Ulmus and are perennial plants that have played a major role in American landscapes for centuries. These trees have an extensive geographical footprint, naturally occurring across a remarkable range of locations.
Where Do Elms Grow?
The geographical distribution of elms is truly impressive. You can find various elm species growing throughout:
- Most U.S. states from Alabama to Wyoming
- Canadian provinces including British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan
- Everywhere from coastal areas to inland regions
The Native Status Mystery
Here’s where things get a bit tricky with elms. The native status for the Ulmus genus is currently undefined for both Canada and the lower 48 states. This is likely because Ulmus encompasses multiple species, some of which are native to North America while others were introduced from other continents. Without knowing the specific elm species you’re considering, it’s impossible to determine whether you’re choosing a native or non-native variety.
Wildlife Benefits: What’s in It for the Animals?
If you’re hoping to create a wildlife haven, elms offer moderate benefits to various creatures:
- Large animals: Use elms for only 2-5% of their diet and rarely for cover
- Small mammals: Get 5-10% of their diet from elms but don’t often use them for shelter
- Water birds: Also rely on elms for 5-10% of their diet with infrequent cover use
- Terrestrial birds: Similarly use elms for 5-10% of their dietary needs
While these percentages might seem modest, remember that every contribution to wildlife habitat counts, especially in urban and suburban environments.
The Challenge of Growing Ulmus
Here’s the honest truth: recommending how to grow Ulmus is like asking someone how to care for a dog without specifying the breed. The genus includes dozens of species with varying needs, growth habits, and characteristics. Some elms are massive shade trees, others are smaller ornamental varieties, and they each have different preferences for soil, water, and climate conditions.
What You Need to Know Before Planting
Before adding any elm to your landscape, you’ll want to:
- Identify the specific species you’re considering
- Research whether that particular species is native to your area
- Check if the species has any invasive tendencies in your region
- Understand the mature size and growth requirements
- Consider disease resistance, particularly to Dutch elm disease
The Bottom Line
While elms can be wonderful additions to landscapes and provide some wildlife benefits, the key is choosing the right species for your specific location and needs. If you’re committed to native gardening, focus on elm species that are indigenous to your area. If you’re more flexible about native vs. non-native plants, you’ll have more options to choose from.
Whatever you decide, make sure to work with a knowledgeable nursery professional who can help you select a specific elm species that will thrive in your garden conditions and meet your landscape goals. After all, the best tree for your yard is one that’s healthy, appropriate for your climate, and matches your gardening philosophy.
