North America Non-native Plant

Crab Apple

Botanical name: Malus ×arnoldiana

USDA symbol: MAAR7

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: tree

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Pyrus ×arnoldiana (Rehder) Bean (PYAR3)   

Arnold Crab Apple: A Charming Spring Bloomer for Your Garden If you’re looking for a tree that puts on a spectacular spring show, the Arnold crab apple (Malus ×arnoldiana) might just catch your eye. This compact flowering tree has been winning over gardeners with its delicate blooms and manageable size, ...

Arnold Crab Apple: A Charming Spring Bloomer for Your Garden

If you’re looking for a tree that puts on a spectacular spring show, the Arnold crab apple (Malus ×arnoldiana) might just catch your eye. This compact flowering tree has been winning over gardeners with its delicate blooms and manageable size, making it a popular choice for smaller landscapes and urban gardens.

What Is Arnold Crab Apple?

Arnold crab apple is a hybrid ornamental tree that typically grows 13-16 feet tall, though it can sometimes develop a shorter, multi-stemmed form depending on growing conditions. As a perennial woody plant, it’s built to last for many years in your landscape. You might also see it listed under its scientific synonym, Pyrus ×arnoldiana.

Where Does It Come From?

This crab apple is not a native North American species. It’s an introduced plant that has established itself and reproduces naturally in some areas, particularly in Massachusetts where it’s been documented growing in the wild.

Why Gardeners Love (and Sometimes Question) This Tree

The Arnold crab apple offers several appealing qualities that make it garden-worthy:

  • Stunning spring display with pink buds that open to white flowers
  • Compact size perfect for smaller yards and urban spaces
  • Attracts pollinators like bees during its blooming period
  • Produces small ornamental fruits that add visual interest
  • Develops attractive fall color

However, since this isn’t a native species, you might want to consider native alternatives that provide similar beauty while supporting local ecosystems more effectively.

Native Alternatives to Consider

If you’re drawn to the spring blooms and compact size of Arnold crab apple, consider these native options instead:

  • American crab apple (Malus coronaria) – offers fragrant pink flowers
  • Wild plum (Prunus americana) – provides early spring blooms and wildlife food
  • Serviceberry (Amelanchier species) – beautiful white flowers and edible berries

Growing Arnold Crab Apple Successfully

If you decide to plant Arnold crab apple, here’s what you need to know to keep it thriving:

Ideal Growing Conditions

  • Sunlight: Full sun for best flowering and growth
  • Soil: Well-drained soil of average fertility
  • Water: Moderate water needs, more during dry spells
  • Climate: Hardy in USDA zones 4-8

Planting and Care Tips

Getting your Arnold crab apple off to a good start is pretty straightforward:

  • Plant in spring or fall when temperatures are moderate
  • Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball but no deeper
  • Water regularly during the first year to establish strong roots
  • Apply a 2-3 inch layer of mulch around the base, keeping it away from the trunk
  • Prune lightly in late winter to maintain shape and remove any dead branches

Pollinator and Wildlife Benefits

The spring flowers of Arnold crab apple do provide nectar for bees and other pollinators, making it a decent choice if you’re trying to create a pollinator-friendly garden. The small fruits may also provide some food for birds, though native alternatives typically offer more comprehensive wildlife benefits.

The Bottom Line

Arnold crab apple can be a lovely addition to the right garden, especially if you’re working with limited space and want reliable spring color. While it’s not invasive, choosing native alternatives when possible helps support local wildlife and maintains regional ecological balance. Whatever you decide, this charming tree will reward you with years of beautiful spring blooms and a manageable size that fits well in most landscape designs.

Crab Apple

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Rosales

Family

Rosaceae Juss. - Rose family

Genus

Malus Mill. - apple

Species

Malus ×arnoldiana (Rehder) Sarg. ex Rehder [baccata × floribunda] - crab apple

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA