North America Non-native Plant

Corn

Botanical name: Zea mays mays

USDA symbol: ZEMAM2

Life cycle: annual

Habit: grass

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in Canada âš˜ Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in the lower 48 states âš˜ Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in Puerto Rico âš˜ Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in the U.S. Virgin Islands  

Synonyms: Zea mays L. ssp. everta (Sturtev.) Zhuk. (ZEMAE)  âš˜  Zea mays L. var. japonica (Van Houtte) Alph. Wood (ZEMAJ)  âš˜  Zea mays L. var. tunicata Larrañaga ex A. St.-Hil., (ZEMAT)   

Growing Corn as an Ornamental Grass: A Tall Tale of Garden Drama When most people think of corn, they picture golden kernels on the cob or vast agricultural fields stretching to the horizon. But have you ever considered this towering annual grass as a dramatic addition to your ornamental garden? ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: SNRTUTXC: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Captive or Cultivated Only: Is presumed or is possibly extinct in the wild across their entire native range but exists in cultivation, either in captivity or naturalized outside their native range, or as a reintroduced population or ecosystem restoration that's not yet established. ⚘ Subnational conservation status not yet assessed. ⚘

Growing Corn as an Ornamental Grass: A Tall Tale of Garden Drama

When most people think of corn, they picture golden kernels on the cob or vast agricultural fields stretching to the horizon. But have you ever considered this towering annual grass as a dramatic addition to your ornamental garden? While corn (Zea mays mays) might seem like an unusual choice for decorative landscaping, this impressive grass can bring serious height and texture to the right garden setting.

What Exactly Is Ornamental Corn?

Corn belongs to the grass family and is technically classified as an annual graminoid – that’s just a fancy way of saying it’s a grass-like plant that completes its entire life cycle in one growing season. Despite being such a familiar crop, corn can serve double duty as both a food source and an eye-catching ornamental feature.

This tall annual grass is known by several botanical synonyms, including Zea mays L. ssp. everta and Zea mays L. var. japonica, though the standard scientific name remains simply Zea mays.

A Non-Native with Widespread Appeal

It’s worth noting that corn is not native to North America, despite its deep cultural significance here. This non-native species has been introduced and now reproduces spontaneously across Canada, the lower 48 states, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. You’ll find it growing in nearly every state, from Alabama to Wyoming, making it one of the most widely distributed non-native plants on the continent.

Why Consider Corn for Your Garden?

While corn isn’t native, it’s not considered invasive either, which means you can grow it without ecological concerns. Here’s why some gardeners are drawn to this towering grass:

  • Dramatic height: Few annual grasses can match corn’s impressive stature
  • Fast growth: Provides quick privacy screening or garden structure
  • Architectural interest: Bold, broad leaves create striking vertical lines
  • Seasonal interest: Attractive throughout the growing season with changing textures

The Native Alternative Conversation

Since corn isn’t native to our ecosystems, you might want to consider native grass alternatives that provide similar ornamental value while supporting local wildlife. Native options like Big Bluestem, Switchgrass, or Eastern Gamagrass can offer comparable height and drama while being better suited to local conditions and beneficial to native wildlife.

Growing Conditions and Care

If you decide to grow corn ornamentally, success depends on providing the right conditions. While specific growing requirements for ornamental use aren’t well-documented, corn generally needs:

  • Full sun exposure: At least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily
  • Well-draining soil: Fertile, loose soil with good drainage
  • Consistent moisture: Regular watering, especially during establishment
  • Warm temperatures: Plant after all danger of frost has passed

Planting and Maintenance Tips

Growing corn ornamentally follows similar principles to agricultural production, though you might focus more on visual impact than yield:

  • Direct seed in late spring when soil has warmed
  • Space plants adequately for air circulation
  • Provide support in windy areas due to the plant’s height
  • Regular watering during dry spells
  • Remove spent plants at the end of the growing season

Wildlife and Pollinator Considerations

As a wind-pollinated grass, corn doesn’t offer the nectar and pollen resources that many other garden plants provide to beneficial insects. If supporting pollinators is a priority, consider pairing corn with native flowering plants that bloom throughout the season.

The Bottom Line

While corn can certainly make a statement in the right garden setting, its non-native status means it won’t contribute to local ecosystem health the way native grasses would. If you’re drawn to tall, dramatic grasses, explore native options first. However, if you decide corn fits your garden vision, it can certainly provide impressive seasonal structure and interest when grown thoughtfully alongside other plants that support local wildlife.

Remember, the best gardens are those that balance personal preferences with ecological responsibility – and sometimes that means choosing the native cousin over the familiar favorite.

Corn

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Poaceae Barnhart - Grass family

Genus

Zea L. - corn

Species

Zea mays L. - corn

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA