Common Barley: An Agricultural Grass with Garden Potential
Common barley (Hordeum vulgare) might seem like an unlikely candidate for your garden, but this annual grass has been quietly making appearances in landscapes across North America. Whether you’re curious about growing your own grains or looking for an interesting temporary grass for educational purposes, barley offers some unique opportunities for adventurous gardeners.
What Exactly Is Common Barley?
Common barley, also simply called barley, is an annual grass that belongs to the same family as wheat and oats. This upright, bunch-forming grass typically reaches about 2.5 feet tall and grows rapidly during its active period in fall, winter, and spring. Its fine-textured green foliage creates an erect, orderly appearance, and while its small yellow flowers aren’t particularly showy, the brown seed heads that follow are quite conspicuous and add visual interest.
Where Does Barley Come From and Where Does It Grow?
Originally hailing from the Fertile Crescent in the Middle East, common barley is not native to North America. However, it has established itself as a non-native species that reproduces spontaneously across the continent. You’ll find it growing throughout the lower 48 states, Alaska, Hawaii, and most Canadian provinces, from Alberta to Nova Scotia.
Interestingly, barley’s status varies by region. In some areas like Canada and Greenland, it’s considered a waif – an ephemeral, non-native species that shows up but doesn’t persist long-term without human intervention.
Should You Grow Common Barley in Your Garden?
The answer depends on what you’re hoping to achieve. Here are some reasons you might consider it:
- Educational value: Great for teaching kids about grains and agriculture
- Quick results: Rapid growth rate means fast satisfaction
- Wildlife benefits: Provides 5-10% of the diet for water birds and terrestrial birds, plus some food for mammals
- Temporary coverage: Useful as a short-term ground cover in problem areas
However, there are some drawbacks to consider:
- Not native: Won’t support native wildlife as effectively as indigenous grasses
- Limited longevity: As an annual, it dies after one growing season
- Minimal pollinator benefits: Wind-pollinated, so it doesn’t attract bees or butterflies
- Agricultural appearance: May look out of place in ornamental gardens
Native Alternatives to Consider
If you’re drawn to barley’s grass-like appearance but want to support native ecosystems, consider these indigenous alternatives that provide similar visual appeal with greater ecological benefits:
- Native bunch grasses specific to your region
- Wild rye species (Elymus species)
- Native sedges for similar texture
- Regional prairie grasses
How to Grow Common Barley Successfully
If you decide to give barley a try, it’s surprisingly easy to grow. This adaptable grass is quite forgiving and establishes quickly.
Ideal Growing Conditions
Common barley thrives in USDA hardiness zones 3-8 and prefers:
- Soil: Medium-textured soils with good drainage (pH 5.0-8.5)
- Sun exposure: Full sun (shade intolerant)
- Water: Moderate moisture needs (12-100 inches annual precipitation)
- Temperature: Can tolerate temperatures as low as -43°F
- Salt tolerance: High, making it suitable for coastal areas
Planting and Care Tips
Growing barley is straightforward:
- Planting: Direct seed in spring after the last frost
- Seeding rate: With about 13,600 seeds per pound, a little goes a long way
- Spacing: Allow adequate space as it forms distinct bunches
- Fertilization: Medium fertility requirements – avoid over-fertilizing
- Watering: Moderate drought tolerance, but consistent moisture improves growth
- Maintenance: Minimal care needed once established
What to Expect Through the Seasons
Barley’s growth pattern is quite different from typical garden plants. Its active growing period spans fall, winter, and spring, with spring bringing the bloom period. By summer, you’ll see the characteristic brown seed heads that make this grass recognizable. The plant has slow regrowth after harvest and no ability to resprout from the roots.
The Bottom Line on Common Barley
Common barley can be an interesting addition to educational gardens, temporary plantings, or agricultural experiments. While it’s not invasive or harmful, it doesn’t offer the same ecological benefits as native grasses. If you’re looking for a quick-growing, easy-care grass for a specific purpose, barley might fit the bill. However, for long-term landscape value and wildlife support, native alternatives will serve your garden – and local ecosystems – much better.
Whether you choose barley or a native alternative, the key is selecting plants that align with your garden goals and local environment. Happy gardening!
