Catnip: The Aromatic Herb That’s More Than Just a Cat Treat
If you’ve ever watched a cat go absolutely bonkers over a little green herb, you’ve witnessed the power of catnip (Nepeta). But before you dismiss this perennial as nothing more than feline entertainment, let’s explore why this aromatic plant might deserve a spot in your garden—and why you might want to consider native alternatives instead.
What Exactly Is Catnip?
Catnip is a perennial forb, which simply means it’s an herbaceous plant that comes back year after year without any woody stems above ground. Part of the mint family, this aromatic plant has been charming gardeners (and their cats) for centuries with its distinctive fragrance and delicate flowers.
A World Traveler in Your Backyard
Here’s something that might surprise you: catnip isn’t actually native to North America. This European, Asian, and African native has become quite the globe-trotter, establishing itself across most of the United States and Canada. You’ll find it growing wild everywhere from Alabama to Alaska, and from British Columbia to Newfoundland.
While catnip has naturalized extensively across North America, it’s important to remember that it’s still considered a non-native species that reproduces on its own in the wild.
Why Gardeners Fall for Catnip
Despite its non-native status, catnip has some genuinely appealing qualities:
- Pollinator magnet: Those small, tubular flowers in shades of blue, purple, pink, or white are absolute bee and butterfly favorites
- Low maintenance: Once established, catnip is remarkably drought-tolerant and requires minimal care
- Aromatic foliage: The gray-green leaves release a pleasant, minty fragrance when brushed against
- Versatile design element: Works beautifully in cottage gardens, herb gardens, perennial borders, and rock gardens
- Long blooming period: Flowers appear in spikes or clusters throughout much of the growing season
Growing Catnip Successfully
If you decide to grow catnip, you’ll be pleased to know it’s one of the more forgiving plants you can choose:
Light and Location: Catnip thrives in full sun but tolerates partial shade. It’s hardy in USDA zones 3-9, making it suitable for most North American gardens.
Soil Requirements: Well-draining soil is key—catnip doesn’t appreciate wet feet. It’s quite adaptable to different soil types and is surprisingly drought-tolerant once established.
Planting Tips: Space plants about 18-24 inches apart to allow for their spreading habit. Catnip can spread by underground runners, so keep this in mind when choosing its location.
Care and Maintenance: Cut back the plants after the first flush of flowers to encourage a second bloom. In late fall, you can cut the entire plant back to about 2 inches above ground level.
A Word About Spreading
Catnip has a tendency to spread, both by underground runners and by self-seeding. While this isn’t necessarily problematic, it’s something to keep in mind, especially given its non-native status. Regular deadheading can help prevent unwanted seedlings.
Consider Native Alternatives
While catnip can be a lovely garden addition, you might also consider these native alternatives that offer similar benefits:
- Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa): Another mint family member with aromatic foliage and pollinator-friendly flowers
- Anise Hyssop (Agastache foeniculum): Offers similar spiky flowers and attracts beneficial insects
- Native mints (Mentha arvensis): Provides aromatic foliage and supports local ecosystems
The Bottom Line
Catnip is an easy-to-grow, attractive perennial that brings fragrance, texture, and pollinator benefits to the garden. While it’s not native to North America, it’s not considered problematically invasive either. If you choose to grow it, you’ll likely find it to be a reliable, low-maintenance addition to your landscape. Just remember to consider native alternatives that can provide similar benefits while supporting local wildlife and maintaining ecological balance.
And yes, your cats will probably thank you for it too!
