North America Non-native Plant

Broadleaf False Buttonweed

Botanical name: Spermacoce ovalifolia

USDA symbol: SPOV3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in Hawaii âš˜ Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in Pacific Basin excluding Hawaii  

Broadleaf False Buttonweed: A Tropical Ground Cover Worth Considering If you’re searching for a low-maintenance ground cover for your tropical or subtropical garden, you might have stumbled across broadleaf false buttonweed (Spermacoce ovalifolia). This unassuming little perennial has quietly made itself at home in Pacific regions, and while it may ...

Broadleaf False Buttonweed: A Tropical Ground Cover Worth Considering

If you’re searching for a low-maintenance ground cover for your tropical or subtropical garden, you might have stumbled across broadleaf false buttonweed (Spermacoce ovalifolia). This unassuming little perennial has quietly made itself at home in Pacific regions, and while it may not win any beauty contests, it certainly has some practical qualities that might catch a gardener’s eye.

What Exactly Is Broadleaf False Buttonweed?

Broadleaf false buttonweed is a perennial forb – basically a non-woody herbaceous plant that comes back year after year. Think of it as nature’s carpet: it stays low to the ground and spreads to form a living mat. The plant produces small clusters of tiny white flowers and has oval-shaped leaves that give it its broadleaf common name.

As a member of the coffee family (Rubiaceae), this plant shares some DNA with your morning brew, though I wouldn’t recommend trying to make coffee from it!

Where Does It Come From and Where Does It Grow?

Originally hailing from tropical regions of Africa and Asia, broadleaf false buttonweed has established itself as a non-native resident in several Pacific locations. You’ll find it growing wild in Hawaii, Guam, and Palau, where it reproduces on its own and has become part of the naturalized landscape.

This adaptable plant has earned a Facultative Upland wetland status in Hawaii, meaning it’s perfectly happy in regular garden soil but won’t throw a tantrum if it occasionally gets its feet wet.

Should You Plant It in Your Garden?

Here’s where things get interesting. While broadleaf false buttonweed isn’t considered invasive or problematic, it is a non-native species. This puts it in that gray area where it’s not necessarily harmful, but it’s not contributing to local ecosystems the way native plants do.

Reasons you might want to grow it:

  • Extremely low maintenance once established
  • Drought tolerant – perfect for water-wise gardening
  • Provides decent ground cover in challenging spots
  • Small flowers offer some nectar for tiny pollinators like bees and flies
  • Thrives in USDA zones 9-11

Reasons you might want to skip it:

  • Doesn’t provide the same wildlife benefits as native alternatives
  • May self-seed and spread beyond where you want it
  • Not particularly showy or ornamental

How to Grow Broadleaf False Buttonweed Successfully

If you decide to give this plant a try, you’ll be pleased to know it’s about as fuss-free as they come. This is definitely a plant it and forget it kind of species.

Growing Conditions:

  • Light: Full sun to partial shade (it’s not picky)
  • Soil: Well-draining soil of almost any type
  • Water: Drought tolerant once established, but appreciates occasional watering
  • Climate: Best in tropical and subtropical areas (zones 9-11)

Planting and Care Tips:

  • Plant during warm months when soil temperatures are consistently warm
  • Space plants about 12-18 inches apart for ground cover
  • Water regularly for the first few weeks until established
  • Once established, this plant practically takes care of itself
  • Trim back if it starts spreading where you don’t want it

Garden Design Ideas

Broadleaf false buttonweed works best in naturalized landscapes or areas where you need reliable, no-fuss ground cover. Consider using it in:

  • Difficult slopes where other plants struggle
  • Areas between stepping stones or pathways
  • Edges of tropical gardens where you want a soft border
  • Spots that get forgotten in your watering routine

Consider Native Alternatives

Before you commit to broadleaf false buttonweed, consider exploring native ground covers for your region. Native plants support local wildlife, require less water and fertilizer once established, and help maintain the ecological balance of your area. Check with your local native plant society or extension office for recommendations specific to your location.

The Bottom Line

Broadleaf false buttonweed isn’t going to win any Plant of the Year awards, but it might just be the practical solution you need for those challenging spots in your tropical garden. While it won’t harm your local ecosystem, it won’t necessarily enhance it either. If you’re looking for maximum ecological benefit, native alternatives are always the better choice. But if you need something reliable, low-maintenance, and adaptable for a specific challenging spot, this humble little plant might just do the trick.

Remember, the best garden is one that reflects both your needs and your local environment’s health – so choose wisely!

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Hawaii

FACU

Facultative Upland - Plants with this status usually occurs in non-wetlands but may occur in wetlands

Broadleaf False Buttonweed

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Rubiales

Family

Rubiaceae Juss. - Madder family

Genus

Spermacoce L. - false buttonweed

Species

Spermacoce ovalifolia (M. Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl. - broadleaf false buttonweed

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA