Bermudagrass (Cynodon): Why This Common Lawn Grass Might Not Be Your Garden’s Best Friend
If you’ve ever wondered about that tough, persistent grass that seems to pop up everywhere in warm climates, you’ve likely encountered Bermudagrass. While this hardy perennial grass has earned a reputation for durability, there’s more to this story than meets the eye – and it might change how you think about your lawn choices.
What Exactly Is Bermudagrass?
Bermudagrass (Cynodon) is a perennial grass that forms dense, low-growing mats through an extensive network of underground stems (rhizomes) and above-ground runners (stolons). This grass-like plant belongs to the same family as many other familiar grasses, and its fine-textured appearance has made it a popular choice for lawns and sports fields in warmer regions.
The Not-So-Native Truth
Here’s where things get interesting – and a bit concerning. Despite its widespread presence across North America, Bermudagrass isn’t native to this continent. Originally hailing from Africa and parts of Asia, this grass has become thoroughly naturalized across the United States, from Alabama to Washington, and everywhere in between. It’s also established itself in Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and even parts of Canada as a temporary visitor.
The extensive distribution of this non-native species means it’s competing with native grasses and plants that originally called these areas home.
A Bit of a Troublemaker
Bermudagrass isn’t just non-native – it’s also earned some official recognition as a problematic plant. In some areas, it’s classified as a noxious weed with restrictions on seed distribution, which tells you something about its aggressive nature.
This grass spreads both through seeds and through its extensive underground and above-ground runner system, making it incredibly persistent once it establishes itself. While this might sound great for a low-maintenance lawn, it also means Bermudagrass can quickly invade areas where it’s not wanted, including native plant habitats and neighboring gardens.
Growing Conditions and Characteristics
If you’re dealing with existing Bermudagrass or trying to understand why it’s so successful, here’s what makes it tick:
- Thrives in full sun and warm temperatures
- Extremely drought tolerant once established
- Prefers well-draining soils but adapts to various conditions
- Goes dormant and turns brown in cooler weather
- Spreads aggressively through runners and underground stems
This hardy nature is exactly why it’s been so successful as an introduced species – it can outcompete many native plants and establish itself in diverse environments.
The Wildlife Reality Check
While Bermudagrass might create a green carpet, it doesn’t offer much in terms of supporting local wildlife. As a wind-pollinated grass, it provides minimal benefits to pollinators like bees and butterflies. Native insects, birds, and other wildlife have evolved alongside native plant communities, not with introduced species like Bermudagrass.
Better Alternatives for Your Landscape
Instead of planting or maintaining Bermudagrass, consider these native alternatives that will support local ecosystems while still providing ground coverage:
- Native bunch grasses specific to your region
- Native sedges for areas that need grass-like plants
- Regional wildflower and native grass meadows
- Native groundcovers that provide habitat for local wildlife
Check with your local native plant society or extension office to discover which native grasses and groundcovers are best suited for your specific area.
The Bottom Line
While Bermudagrass is undeniably tough and widespread, its non-native status and aggressive growth habits make it a less-than-ideal choice for environmentally conscious gardeners. If you’re starting fresh with your landscape, consider native alternatives that will support local wildlife and preserve the natural character of your region.
If you’re already dealing with established Bermudagrass, transitioning to native plants might take some effort, but your local ecosystem – and the wildlife that depends on it – will thank you for making the switch.
