African Sumac: A Drought-Tolerant Tree That’s Not What It Seems
Meet the African sumac (Rhus lancea), a tree that might fool you with its graceful, weeping appearance. Also known as karee willow rhus, this perennial tree has become a go-to choice for water-wise gardeners looking for an elegant shade tree that won’t demand constant irrigation. But before you fall head over heels for its drooping, willow-like foliage, there are a few things you should know about this South African transplant.
The Not-So-Native Truth
Here’s where things get interesting: despite its popularity in drought-tolerant landscapes, African sumac isn’t actually native to North America. Originally from South Africa’s Karoo region, this tree has made itself quite at home in California, where it now reproduces on its own in the wild. While it’s not currently classified as invasive, it’s worth considering native alternatives that provide similar benefits while supporting local ecosystems.
In the United States, you’ll primarily find African sumac growing in California, where it has established itself as a naturalized species.
What Makes African Sumac Special
African sumac grows as a single-trunked tree, typically reaching heights of 13-16 feet or more, though it can sometimes develop a multi-stemmed growth pattern depending on conditions. What really sets this tree apart is its aesthetic appeal:
- Narrow, drooping leaves that create an elegant, weeping silhouette
- Small yellowish flowers that appear in clusters
- Reddish berries on female trees (it’s a dioecious species)
- Fast growth rate once established
- Attractive bark that adds winter interest
Where African Sumac Shines in Your Landscape
This tree has found its niche in specific garden styles and situations. African sumac works particularly well in:
- Xeriscaping and drought-tolerant landscapes
- Mediterranean-style gardens
- As a shade tree in low-water areas
- Windbreak plantings
- Specimen tree for architectural interest
The tree’s weeping form makes it an excellent focal point, while its drought tolerance means it won’t be the thirstiest plant in your garden.
Growing Conditions and Care
African sumac is remarkably adaptable, which partly explains its success outside its native range. Here’s what it needs to thrive:
Climate: Hardy in USDA zones 8-11, this tree handles heat exceptionally well and tolerates mild frost.
Sun and Soil: Full sun is preferred, and the tree adapts to various soil types, including poor soils that might challenge other species. The key requirement is good drainage – soggy soil is about the only thing that will make this drought-lover unhappy.
Water Needs: Once established, African sumac requires minimal water. During the first year, provide regular watering to help establish the root system, then you can cut back dramatically.
Planting and Care Tips
Getting your African sumac off to a good start is straightforward:
- Plant in well-draining soil – this is non-negotiable
- Water regularly during the first growing season
- After establishment, water only during extended dry periods
- Prune as needed to maintain desired shape and remove any damaged branches
- Fertilization is rarely necessary, as the tree adapts well to poor soils
Benefits for Pollinators and Wildlife
African sumac does offer some benefits to local wildlife. Its small flowers attract bees and other pollinators, and the berries provide food for birds. However, these benefits pale in comparison to what native trees can offer to local ecosystems.
Should You Plant African Sumac?
African sumac isn’t inherently problematic, but it’s worth considering whether a native alternative might better serve your landscape goals. If you’re drawn to its drought tolerance and weeping form, consider these native alternatives:
- Desert willow (Chilopsis linearis) for similar graceful form
- Palo verde species for drought tolerance and spring color
- Native oak species for wildlife value and longevity
If you do choose African sumac, you’ll get a low-maintenance tree that provides shade and visual interest without demanding much water. Just remember that supporting native plants helps maintain the complex web of relationships that local wildlife depends on – and that’s something worth considering as you plan your landscape.
