North America Non-native Plant

African Bristlegrass

Botanical name: Setaria sphacelata var. sphacelata

USDA symbol: SESPS4

Habit: grass

Native status: Not native but doesn't reproduce and persist in the wild

Synonyms: Setaria flabellata Stapf (SEFL8)  ⚘  Setaria perennis Hack. (SEPE8)   

African Bristlegrass: A Drought-Tolerant Ornamental Grass Worth Considering Meet African bristlegrass (Setaria sphacelata var. sphacelata), a resilient ornamental grass that’s been quietly making its way into gardens across warmer regions. While it may not have the star power of some popular native grasses, this African native brings its own unique ...

African Bristlegrass: A Drought-Tolerant Ornamental Grass Worth Considering

Meet African bristlegrass (Setaria sphacelata var. sphacelata), a resilient ornamental grass that’s been quietly making its way into gardens across warmer regions. While it may not have the star power of some popular native grasses, this African native brings its own unique charm and practical benefits to the landscape.

What Is African Bristlegrass?

African bristlegrass belongs to the grass family (Poaceae) and hails from the African continent. You might also see it listed under its synonyms Setaria flabellata or Setaria perennis in older gardening references. As a true grass, it produces the characteristic narrow leaves and develops attractive, bristly seed heads that give it its common name.

Geographic Origins and Distribution

This grass species is native to various regions of Africa, where it has adapted to diverse growing conditions from grasslands to more arid environments. Its natural resilience in these challenging climates translates well to garden settings in similar conditions.

Why Consider African Bristlegrass for Your Garden?

African bristlegrass offers several appealing qualities for the right garden setting:

  • Drought tolerance: Once established, it requires minimal supplemental watering
  • Low maintenance: This grass doesn’t demand constant attention or special care
  • Textural interest: The bristly seed heads add movement and visual texture to plantings
  • Adaptability: It can handle a range of soil conditions

Growing Conditions and Care

African bristlegrass thrives in USDA hardiness zones 8-11, though it may grow as an annual in cooler areas. Here’s what this grass prefers:

  • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade
  • Soil: Well-draining soils of various types
  • Water: Drought tolerant once established, but benefits from occasional deep watering
  • Maintenance: Cut back in late winter or early spring before new growth emerges

Garden Design Applications

This versatile grass works well in several landscape scenarios:

  • Naturalized prairie or meadow gardens
  • Xeriscaping and drought-tolerant landscapes
  • Erosion control on slopes
  • Background plantings in mixed perennial borders
  • Contemporary minimalist garden designs

Wildlife and Ecological Considerations

As a wind-pollinated grass, African bristlegrass doesn’t provide significant nectar resources for pollinators. However, its seeds may attract some bird species, and the grass structure can provide shelter for small wildlife.

A Word About Native Alternatives

While African bristlegrass can be a worthy addition to appropriate gardens, consider exploring native grass species first. Native grasses often provide superior wildlife benefits and are naturally adapted to local conditions. Consult with your local extension office or native plant society for recommendations specific to your region.

Is African Bristlegrass Right for Your Garden?

African bristlegrass could be a good fit if you’re looking for a low-maintenance, drought-tolerant grass for warmer climates. It’s particularly suitable for naturalized areas where you want the look of native grassland without the fussiness of high-maintenance plants. However, always research local regulations and consider native alternatives that might provide greater ecological benefits.

Before planting, check with local authorities about any restrictions, and be mindful of the grass’s potential to self-seed. With proper consideration and care, African bristlegrass can be a practical and attractive addition to the right garden setting.

African Bristlegrass

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Poaceae Barnhart - Grass family

Genus

Setaria P. Beauv. - bristlegrass

Species

Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. ex M.B. Moss - African bristlegrass

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA