African Bermudagrass: A Warm-Season Ground Cover for Southern Gardens
If you’re looking for a tough, drought-tolerant grass that can handle foot traffic and blazing sun, African Bermudagrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis var. nlemfuensis) might catch your attention. This perennial grass has made its way from its African homeland to establish itself in warm regions of the United States, particularly Hawaii and Texas.
What Is African Bermudagrass?
African Bermudagrass is a fine-textured, low-growing perennial grass that spreads to form dense mats. As a member of the grass family, it shares characteristics with other bermudagrasses but has its own unique traits. This warm-season grass thrives in hot climates and can bounce back from drought conditions once it’s well-established.
Where Does It Grow?
Originally from Africa, this grass species has found new homes in the southern United States. Currently, you’ll find African Bermudagrass established in Hawaii and Texas, where the warm climate suits its preferences perfectly.
Why Gardeners Consider African Bermudagrass
There are several reasons why this grass appeals to homeowners and landscapers:
- Excellent drought tolerance once established
- Handles heavy foot traffic well
- Forms a dense, attractive turf
- Thrives in full sun conditions
- Good for erosion control on slopes
Important Considerations
Before planting African Bermudagrass, keep in mind that it’s not native to the United States. While it’s currently established in Hawaii and Texas without confirmed invasive status, it does reproduce and spread naturally in these areas. As responsible gardeners, we should always consider native alternatives first.
Native grass options in warm regions might include buffalo grass, blue grama, or regional native bunch grasses that provide similar benefits while supporting local ecosystems.
Growing Conditions and Care
If you decide to grow African Bermudagrass, here’s what it needs to thrive:
Climate Requirements
- USDA Hardiness Zones 9-11
- Warm-season grass that goes dormant in cool weather
- Needs consistent warmth for best growth
Site Conditions
- Full sun (6+ hours of direct sunlight daily)
- Well-draining soil
- Tolerates various soil types once established
Planting and Establishment
- Typically established through vegetative propagation rather than seed
- Plant during warm season for best establishment
- Water regularly during the first growing season
- Expect it to spread and fill in areas over time
Ongoing Care
- Regular mowing to maintain desired height
- Deep, infrequent watering once established
- May need occasional fertilization in poor soils
- Monitor for any unwanted spread beyond intended areas
Landscape Applications
African Bermudagrass works well in several landscape situations:
- Residential lawns in warm climates
- High-traffic areas like play zones
- Slopes where erosion control is needed
- Sports fields and recreational areas
- Areas where water conservation is a priority
Wildlife and Pollinator Value
As a grass species, African Bermudagrass provides limited direct benefits to pollinators since it’s primarily wind-pollinated. However, it can serve as habitat for small wildlife and may provide nesting material for some bird species.
The Bottom Line
African Bermudagrass can be a practical choice for warm-climate gardeners who need a tough, drought-tolerant ground cover. Its ability to handle foot traffic and harsh conditions makes it appealing for certain landscape situations. However, as environmentally conscious gardeners, we should always explore native grass alternatives first. If you do choose to plant African Bermudagrass, be mindful of its spreading nature and monitor its growth to ensure it stays where you want it.
Before making your final decision, consult with local extension services or native plant societies to learn about indigenous grasses that might serve your needs while supporting local wildlife and ecosystems.
