North America Native Plant

Yerba Maravilla

Botanical name: Ruellia coccinea

USDA symbol: RUCO5

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico âš˜ Native to the U.S. Virgin Islands  

Synonyms: Barleria coccinea L. (BACO4)   

Yerba Maravilla: A Lesser-Known Native Treasure from the Caribbean If you’re looking to add some tropical flair to your garden while supporting native biodiversity, yerba maravilla (Ruellia coccinea) might just be the hidden gem you’ve been searching for. This charming perennial herb hails from the sun-soaked islands of Puerto Rico ...

Yerba Maravilla: A Lesser-Known Native Treasure from the Caribbean

If you’re looking to add some tropical flair to your garden while supporting native biodiversity, yerba maravilla (Ruellia coccinea) might just be the hidden gem you’ve been searching for. This charming perennial herb hails from the sun-soaked islands of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, where it has been quietly thriving in the Caribbean landscape for generations.

What Makes Yerba Maravilla Special?

Yerba maravilla belongs to the Ruellia family, a group known for producing lovely flowering plants that often attract pollinators. While this particular species may not be as well-known as some of its flashier cousins, it carries the authentic charm of a true Caribbean native. As a perennial forb, it’s a non-woody plant that comes back year after year, making it a reliable addition to any tropical or subtropical garden.

Where Does It Call Home?

This delightful plant is native to Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, where it has adapted to the unique Caribbean climate and growing conditions. Its natural range is quite limited, making it a special choice for gardeners in these regions who want to celebrate their local flora.

Garden Appeal and Design Potential

While specific details about yerba maravilla’s appearance are somewhat elusive (it’s definitely one of the more mysterious members of the plant world!), its status as a native Caribbean species suggests it would fit beautifully into:

  • Native plant gardens
  • Tropical landscape designs
  • Wildlife-friendly garden spaces
  • Rain gardens or areas with variable moisture levels

Growing Conditions and Care

Here’s where things get a bit tricky – yerba maravilla is something of a wallflower in the gardening world, and detailed cultivation information is surprisingly scarce. However, based on its native habitat and wetland status, we can make some educated guesses about what it might prefer:

  • Climate: Tropical to subtropical conditions (likely USDA zones 10-11)
  • Moisture: As a facultative wetland plant, it probably enjoys consistent moisture but can tolerate some drying
  • Soil: Likely adaptable to various soil types, as is common with native species
  • Sun: Probably happy in partial sun to light shade, typical of many tropical understory plants

The Challenge (and Opportunity) of Growing Yerba Maravilla

Let’s be honest – yerba maravilla is not your typical garden center find. This plant seems to have flown under the radar of most gardening guides and cultivation resources. While this might seem frustrating, it also presents an exciting opportunity for adventurous gardeners to work with a truly authentic native species.

If you’re in Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands and interested in growing yerba maravilla, your best bet might be:

  • Connecting with local native plant societies
  • Checking with regional botanical gardens
  • Looking for it in natural areas (but never harvesting from the wild without proper permission)
  • Consulting with local horticulturists familiar with Caribbean native plants

Supporting Local Ecosystems

Even though we don’t have specific data on yerba maravilla’s wildlife benefits, native plants typically support local ecosystems in ways that non-native species simply can’t match. By choosing native plants like yerba maravilla, you’re likely providing food and habitat for local insects, birds, and other wildlife that evolved alongside these species.

The Bottom Line

Yerba maravilla represents the kind of plant that makes native gardening so rewarding – it’s a piece of authentic local heritage that connects your garden to the natural history of the Caribbean. While it may require some detective work to locate and grow successfully, the payoff of nurturing a true regional native is worth the effort.

If you can’t track down yerba maravilla, consider exploring other native Ruellia species or Caribbean natives that might be more readily available. The important thing is supporting your local ecosystem while creating a garden that reflects the unique beauty of your region.

Have you encountered yerba maravilla in the wild or managed to grow it in your garden? We’d love to hear about your experiences with this elusive Caribbean native!

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Caribbean

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Yerba Maravilla

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Acanthaceae Juss. - Acanthus family

Genus

Ruellia L. - wild petunia

Species

Ruellia coccinea (L.) Vahl - yerba maravilla

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA