North America Native Plant

Yellow Pepperweed

Botanical name: Lepidium flavum var. felipense

USDA symbol: LEFLF

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Yellow Pepperweed: A Rare California Native Worth Knowing About If you’re a native plant enthusiast with a passion for rare California flora, you might have stumbled across yellow pepperweed (Lepidium flavum var. felipense) in your research. This little-known annual deserves a closer look, though it comes with some important considerations ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S5T1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Yellow Pepperweed: A Rare California Native Worth Knowing About

If you’re a native plant enthusiast with a passion for rare California flora, you might have stumbled across yellow pepperweed (Lepidium flavum var. felipense) in your research. This little-known annual deserves a closer look, though it comes with some important considerations for home gardeners.

What Makes This Plant Special

Yellow pepperweed is an annual forb, which simply means it’s a non-woody herbaceous plant that completes its entire life cycle in one growing season. As a member of the mustard family, it shares characteristics with more familiar garden plants like radishes and cabbage, but this particular variety has carved out its own unique niche in California’s diverse ecosystem.

Where You’ll Find It Growing Wild

This native beauty calls California home, though it’s quite selective about where it sets up shop. Yellow pepperweed is endemic to the Golden State, meaning you won’t find it growing naturally anywhere else in the world.

A Word of Caution: Rarity Matters

Here’s where things get important for responsible gardeners. Yellow pepperweed carries a Global Conservation Status of S5T1, indicating it’s quite rare in the wild. If you’re considering adding this plant to your garden, please ensure any seeds or plants come from reputable, ethical sources that don’t harvest from wild populations. Better yet, consider supporting conservation efforts for this species rather than cultivation.

What We Know (And Don’t Know) About Growing It

Unfortunately, detailed growing information for this specific variety is quite limited. What we do know is:

  • It’s an annual, so you’ll need to replant or allow it to self-seed each year
  • As a California native, it’s likely adapted to Mediterranean-type climates
  • Being a forb, it probably prefers full sun to partial shade
  • Like many mustard family plants, it may prefer well-draining soils

Is This Plant Right for Your Garden?

Given its rarity status and limited cultivation information, yellow pepperweed probably isn’t the best choice for most home gardeners. Instead, consider these more readily available California native alternatives that offer similar benefits:

  • Other Lepidium species that are more common
  • Native mustard family plants like Tropidocarpum gracile (slender tropidocarpum)
  • Annual wildflowers suited to your specific region of California

Supporting Conservation Instead

Sometimes the best way to appreciate a rare native plant is to support its conservation in the wild rather than trying to grow it at home. Consider:

  • Donating to California native plant conservation organizations
  • Participating in habitat restoration projects
  • Learning about and protecting the natural areas where this species grows

While we might not be able to enjoy yellow pepperweed in our home gardens, understanding and respecting its place in California’s native ecosystem is perhaps an even more meaningful way to appreciate this rare and special plant.

Yellow Pepperweed

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Capparales

Family

Brassicaceae Burnett - Mustard family

Genus

Lepidium L. - pepperweed

Species

Lepidium flavum Torr. - yellow pepperweed

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA