North America Native Plant

Willow Dock

Botanical name: Rumex salicifolius var. crassus

USDA symbol: RUSAC

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Rumex crassus Rech. f. (RUCR4)   

Willow Dock: A Lesser-Known Native Wetland Plant for Pacific Coast Gardens If you’re exploring native plants for your garden and have a soft spot for wetland species, you might have stumbled across willow dock (Rumex salicifolius var. crassus). This perennial forb is one of those under-the-radar natives that doesn’t get ...

Willow Dock: A Lesser-Known Native Wetland Plant for Pacific Coast Gardens

If you’re exploring native plants for your garden and have a soft spot for wetland species, you might have stumbled across willow dock (Rumex salicifolius var. crassus). This perennial forb is one of those under-the-radar natives that doesn’t get much fanfare, but it has some interesting qualities worth considering for the right garden setting.

What Exactly Is Willow Dock?

Willow dock is a native perennial forb that belongs to the buckwheat family. As a forb, it’s essentially an herbaceous plant without woody stems – think of it as nature’s version of a leafy perennial that dies back each winter and returns in spring. This particular variety, scientifically known as Rumex salicifolius var. crassus (and sometimes listed under the synonym Rumex crassus), is native to the lower 48 states but has a fairly specific geographic range.

Where Does It Call Home?

This native plant has made itself comfortable along the Pacific Coast, naturally occurring in California, Oregon, and Washington. It’s perfectly adapted to the climate and growing conditions of these western states, making it a true regional native for Pacific Coast gardeners.

The Wetland Connection

Here’s where things get interesting for water-conscious gardeners: willow dock is classified as a facultative wetland plant in both the Arid West and Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast regions. This means it usually hangs out in wetlands but can also tolerate drier conditions. If you’re planning a rain garden, bioswale, or just have a naturally moist area in your landscape, this plant might be worth considering.

Should You Plant Willow Dock?

The honest answer is: it depends on what you’re after. Willow dock falls into that category of native plants that are more functional than flashy. Here are some considerations:

  • It’s a true native, so you’re supporting local ecosystems
  • Its wetland tolerance makes it useful for problem wet spots
  • As a perennial, it provides consistent coverage year after year
  • It’s well-adapted to Pacific Coast conditions

However, there’s limited information available about its ornamental value, mature size, or specific garden performance. This suggests it might be better suited for naturalized areas, restoration projects, or dedicated native plant gardens rather than formal landscape designs.

Growing Willow Dock Successfully

Given its wetland status and native range, here’s what we can reasonably assume about growing conditions:

  • Moisture: Prefers consistent moisture but can handle some variation
  • Location: Best suited for USDA zones typical of its native range (likely zones 7-10, based on its Pacific Coast distribution)
  • Soil: Probably adaptable to various soil types, especially those that retain moisture
  • Sun exposure: Likely tolerates full sun to partial shade, typical of wetland plants

The Bottom Line

Willow dock is one of those native plants that’s probably better appreciated by ecological gardeners than those seeking showstopping ornamentals. If you have a wet area that needs plant coverage, you’re creating habitat for native wildlife, or you’re simply committed to using only regional natives, it could be a solid choice. Just keep in mind that you might need to source it from specialty native plant nurseries, and information about its specific garden performance is limited.

For most home gardeners, you might want to consider other better-documented native wetland plants that offer similar ecological benefits with more known ornamental value. But for the adventurous native plant enthusiast? Willow dock might be an interesting addition to your collection of Pacific Coast natives.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Arid West

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Willow Dock

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Caryophyllidae

Order

Polygonales

Family

Polygonaceae Juss. - Buckwheat family

Genus

Rumex L. - dock

Species

Rumex salicifolius Weinm. - willow dock

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA