North America Native Plant

Wild Oilnut

Botanical name: Jatropha hernandiifolia

USDA symbol: JAHE

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: vine

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Wild Oilnut: A Puerto Rican Native Shrub Worth Getting to Know If you’re looking to add some Caribbean flair to your garden and happen to live in a tropical climate, the wild oilnut (Jatropha hernandiifolia) might just be the unique native shrub you’ve been searching for. This perennial beauty hails ...

Wild Oilnut: A Puerto Rican Native Shrub Worth Getting to Know

If you’re looking to add some Caribbean flair to your garden and happen to live in a tropical climate, the wild oilnut (Jatropha hernandiifolia) might just be the unique native shrub you’ve been searching for. This perennial beauty hails from the sunny shores of Puerto Rico and belongs to the fascinating Jatropha genus, known for its diverse and often striking members.

What Exactly Is Wild Oilnut?

Wild oilnut is a true Puerto Rican native, meaning it evolved naturally in the island’s ecosystem and has been thriving there long before gardeners started thinking about landscape design. As a perennial shrub, this multi-stemmed woody plant typically stays manageable in size, usually growing to less than 13-16 feet tall, though it can occasionally stretch taller under the right conditions.

Like other shrubs, wild oilnut develops several stems that emerge from or near ground level, creating that classic bushy appearance that makes shrubs such valuable players in landscape design.

Where Does Wild Oilnut Call Home?

This charming shrub is exclusively native to Puerto Rico, where it has adapted to the island’s unique climate and growing conditions over countless generations. If you’re gardening in Puerto Rico or a similar tropical environment, you’re working with a plant that truly belongs in your region.

Should You Plant Wild Oilnut in Your Garden?

Here’s where things get a bit tricky – wild oilnut falls into that category of native plants that haven’t received much attention from the gardening world yet. While we know it’s a legitimate native species that deserves consideration, detailed information about its specific growing requirements, care needs, and garden performance is surprisingly limited.

That said, there are some compelling reasons to consider wild oilnut:

  • It’s a true native plant, meaning it supports local ecosystems
  • As a perennial shrub, it provides lasting structure to your landscape
  • Native plants are typically more drought-tolerant and pest-resistant once established
  • You’ll be growing something unique that most gardeners haven’t discovered yet

Growing Conditions and Care

While specific cultivation details for wild oilnut are scarce, we can make some educated assumptions based on its Puerto Rican origins and shrub characteristics. Most likely, this plant appreciates:

  • Warm, tropical to subtropical conditions
  • Well-draining soil (most Jatropha species prefer this)
  • Adequate sunlight, though specific light requirements aren’t well documented
  • Regular watering during establishment, then likely moderate drought tolerance

The Bottom Line

Wild oilnut represents one of those intriguing native plants that deserves more attention from both researchers and gardeners. If you’re in Puerto Rico or a similar climate zone and want to experiment with a true native species, this shrub could be worth seeking out – just be prepared to do some trial-and-error learning along the way.

Before planting, try to source your wild oilnut from reputable native plant nurseries or botanical institutions to ensure you’re getting authentic, responsibly collected material. And if you do decide to grow this mysterious native, consider documenting your experience – you might just become one of the few gardeners helping to expand our knowledge about this understudied Puerto Rican treasure.

Sometimes the most rewarding gardening adventures come from taking a chance on the less-traveled path, and wild oilnut certainly fits that description!

Wild Oilnut

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Euphorbiales

Family

Euphorbiaceae Juss. - Spurge family

Genus

Jatropha L. - nettlespurge

Species

Jatropha hernandiifolia Vent. - wild oilnut

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA