North America Native Plant

Wholeleaf Indian Paintbrush

Botanical name: Castilleja integra var. gloriosa

USDA symbol: CAING

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Wholeleaf Indian Paintbrush: A Rare Arizona Native Worth Knowing If you’re passionate about native gardening and love discovering botanical gems, you might be intrigued by the wholeleaf Indian paintbrush (Castilleja integra var. gloriosa). This perennial wildflower represents one of nature’s more elusive treasures, native to the diverse landscapes of Arizona. ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S4S5T1T3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Wholeleaf Indian Paintbrush: A Rare Arizona Native Worth Knowing

If you’re passionate about native gardening and love discovering botanical gems, you might be intrigued by the wholeleaf Indian paintbrush (Castilleja integra var. gloriosa). This perennial wildflower represents one of nature’s more elusive treasures, native to the diverse landscapes of Arizona.

What Makes This Plant Special?

The wholeleaf Indian paintbrush belongs to the fascinating Castilleja genus, known for their vibrant, brush-like flower displays. As a native forb herb, this perennial lacks woody tissue above ground but returns year after year from its underground parts. Like other members of its family, it’s likely a root parasite that forms relationships with neighboring plants to obtain some of its nutrients—a clever survival strategy that makes these plants both fascinating and challenging to grow.

Where Does It Call Home?

This particular variety is native to Arizona, where it has adapted to the unique growing conditions of the American Southwest. As a true native of the lower 48 states, it plays an important role in local ecosystems.

A Word of Caution: Rarity Matters

Here’s where things get interesting—and important. The wholeleaf Indian paintbrush has a global conservation status of S4S5T1T3, indicating it’s considered rare in its native range. This means if you’re thinking about adding this plant to your garden, you’ll need to be extra responsible about sourcing.

Important: Only obtain this plant from reputable native plant nurseries that can guarantee responsibly collected or propagated material. Never collect from wild populations, as this could harm already vulnerable communities of this rare variety.

Growing Challenges and Considerations

Let’s be honest—growing Indian paintbrush species can be tricky, even for experienced gardeners. Here’s what you should know:

  • These plants are often root parasites, meaning they may need host plants nearby to thrive
  • They typically prefer well-draining soils and sunny conditions
  • Establishment can be slow and unpredictable
  • Seeds may require specific conditions or treatments to germinate

Is This Plant Right for Your Garden?

The wholeleaf Indian paintbrush might appeal to you if:

  • You’re creating a native Arizona plant garden
  • You enjoy growing rare and challenging species
  • You want to support local biodiversity
  • You have experience with difficult native plants

However, you might want to consider easier alternatives if you’re new to native gardening or want guaranteed success with Indian paintbrush species.

The Bottom Line

While the wholeleaf Indian paintbrush is undoubtedly a special plant worthy of conservation and appreciation, its rarity and growing challenges make it more suitable for dedicated native plant enthusiasts than casual gardeners. If you do decide to grow it, make sure you’re working with responsibly sourced plants and prepared for the unique requirements these fascinating parasitic wildflowers demand.

Remember, sometimes the best way to appreciate rare native plants is to support their conservation in wild spaces while choosing more readily available native alternatives for our home gardens.

Wholeleaf Indian Paintbrush

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Castilleja Mutis ex L. f. - Indian paintbrush

Species

Castilleja integra A. Gray - wholeleaf Indian paintbrush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA