North America Native Plant

White Mountain Lupine

Botanical name: Lupinus sierraeblancae aquilinus

USDA symbol: LUSIA

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Lupinus aquilinus Wooton & Standl. (LUAQ)   

White Mountain Lupine: A Rare New Mexican Native Worth Protecting Meet the White Mountain lupine (Lupinus sierraeblancae aquilinus), a perennial wildflower that’s as elusive as it is intriguing. This native New Mexican beauty belongs to the beloved lupine family, but unlike its more common cousins, this particular subspecies keeps a ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3T3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘

White Mountain Lupine: A Rare New Mexican Native Worth Protecting

Meet the White Mountain lupine (Lupinus sierraeblancae aquilinus), a perennial wildflower that’s as elusive as it is intriguing. This native New Mexican beauty belongs to the beloved lupine family, but unlike its more common cousins, this particular subspecies keeps a much lower profile in both the wild and in gardening circles.

What Makes This Lupine Special?

The White Mountain lupine is a herbaceous perennial forb, meaning it’s a soft-stemmed flowering plant that comes back year after year. Like other lupines, it likely produces the characteristic tall spikes of pea-like flowers that make this plant family so recognizable and beloved by gardeners worldwide.

This plant also goes by the scientific synonym Lupinus aquilinus Wooton & Standl., if you happen to encounter it in older botanical references.

Where Does It Call Home?

This lupine is native to New Mexico, where it has adapted to local growing conditions over thousands of years. As a true southwestern native, it’s perfectly suited to the unique climate and soil conditions of its home range.

The Rarity Factor: Why You Should Know (But Maybe Not Grow)

Here’s where things get interesting – and a bit concerning. The White Mountain lupine carries a Global Conservation Status of S3T3, which indicates it’s a plant of conservation concern. This rarity status means that while this lupine isn’t on the brink of extinction, it’s not exactly common either.

For most home gardeners, this presents a bit of a puzzle. While we absolutely want to support native plants, rare species like this one require special consideration:

  • Seeds or plants should only be sourced from reputable native plant societies or conservation organizations
  • Never collect seeds or plants from wild populations
  • Consider whether your garden can provide the specific conditions this rare plant needs

What We Know (And What We Don’t)

Honestly, detailed growing information for this specific lupine subspecies is pretty scarce in standard gardening resources. This isn’t necessarily a bad thing – it just means this plant hasn’t been widely cultivated or studied from a horticultural perspective.

What we can assume, based on its lupine heritage and New Mexican origins, is that it likely prefers:

  • Well-draining soils (most lupines hate wet feet)
  • Full sun to partial shade
  • Minimal fertilization (lupines fix their own nitrogen)
  • Dry to moderate moisture levels

A Better Alternative for Most Gardens

Unless you’re specifically working on a conservation project or have a deep connection to rare New Mexican flora, you might want to consider other native lupine species for your garden. There are several more common native lupines that offer similar beauty without the conservation concerns:

  • Desert Lupine (Lupinus sparsiflorus) for southwestern gardens
  • Silvery Lupine (Lupinus argenteus) for mountain regions
  • Wild Lupine (Lupinus perennis) for eastern gardens

The Bottom Line

The White Mountain lupine represents something special in the plant world – a native species that reminds us that not every beautiful plant needs to be in our gardens. Sometimes, the best way to appreciate a rare native is to support its conservation in the wild while choosing more common relatives for our home landscapes.

If you’re determined to grow this particular lupine, make sure you’re working with conservation organizations and that your garden can provide the specialized care this rare beauty deserves. Otherwise, consider it a fascinating piece of New Mexico’s botanical heritage that’s worth knowing about, even if it’s not destined for your backyard.

White Mountain Lupine

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Fabales

Family

Fabaceae Lindl. - Pea family

Genus

Lupinus L. - lupine

Species

Lupinus sierrae-blancae Wooton & Standl. - White Mountain lupine

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA