North America Native Plant

Western Watermilfoil

Botanical name: Myriophyllum hippuroides

USDA symbol: MYHI

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Western Watermilfoil: A Delicate Native for Your Water Garden If you’re looking to add some underwater magic to your pond or water garden, western watermilfoil (Myriophyllum hippuroides) might just be the native aquatic plant you’ve been searching for. This delicate perennial brings an ethereal quality to water features with its ...

Western Watermilfoil: A Delicate Native for Your Water Garden

If you’re looking to add some underwater magic to your pond or water garden, western watermilfoil (Myriophyllum hippuroides) might just be the native aquatic plant you’ve been searching for. This delicate perennial brings an ethereal quality to water features with its feathery, finely divided foliage that dances gracefully beneath the surface.

What Makes Western Watermilfoil Special?

Western watermilfoil is a true North American native, naturally occurring across a surprisingly wide range that includes the western states of British Columbia, California, Oregon, and Washington, as well as scattered populations in Illinois, Oklahoma, Texas, and Wisconsin. As a perennial forb, this plant lacks woody stems but returns year after year, making it a reliable addition to aquatic gardens.

What sets this plant apart from its cousins is its intricate underwater foliage. The leaves are so finely divided they look almost like green feathers or delicate lace swaying in the water. Above the surface, small flower spikes emerge, adding subtle vertical interest to your water garden.

Why Choose Western Watermilfoil for Your Garden?

There are several compelling reasons to consider this native aquatic plant:

  • True wetland specialist: Classified as an obligate wetland plant across all regions, it thrives where other plants struggle
  • Native heritage: Supporting local ecosystems by choosing indigenous species
  • Unique texture: The feathery underwater foliage creates visual interest and movement
  • Low maintenance: Once established, it requires minimal care
  • Pollinator support: Small flowers attract aquatic insects and other wetland wildlife

Perfect Spots for Western Watermilfoil

This aquatic beauty is ideal for several types of water features:

  • Natural ponds and water gardens
  • Wetland restoration projects
  • Bog gardens with standing water
  • Large container water gardens
  • Wildlife ponds designed to attract native species

Growing Conditions and Care

Western watermilfoil is surprisingly adaptable, thriving in USDA hardiness zones 3-9. Here’s what this aquatic native needs to flourish:

Light: Full sun to partial shade – it’s quite flexible with lighting conditions

Water depth: Plant containers should be submerged 6-18 inches below the water surface

Water quality: Prefers neutral to slightly alkaline pH, but adapts to various water conditions

Planting method: Best grown in containers that can be submerged, making management easier

Planting and Maintenance Tips

Getting started with western watermilfoil is straightforward:

  • Plant in heavy clay soil or aquatic planting media in containers
  • Submerge containers at the appropriate depth
  • Allow the plant to establish for several weeks before expecting significant growth
  • Divide every 2-3 years to prevent overcrowding and maintain vigorous growth
  • Remove any dead foliage in fall, though much of the plant naturally dies back in winter

Is Western Watermilfoil Right for You?

This native aquatic plant is an excellent choice for gardeners who want to create authentic wetland habitats or add delicate texture to their water features. Its obligate wetland status means it won’t survive in regular garden beds – it truly needs that aquatic environment to thrive.

While we don’t have complete information about its growth rate or mature size, most watermilfoils are moderate growers that won’t quickly overtake a pond. As with any aquatic plant, regular monitoring and occasional division will keep it in bounds.

If you’re passionate about native plants and have a water feature that could use some underwater interest, western watermilfoil offers a unique way to support local ecosystems while creating a beautiful, naturalistic aquatic garden. Just remember – this is definitely a water plants only species that needs to stay wet to stay happy!

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Arid West

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Midwest

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Northcentral & Northeast

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Western Watermilfoil

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Haloragales

Family

Haloragaceae R. Br. - Water Milfoil family

Genus

Myriophyllum L. - watermilfoil

Species

Myriophyllum hippuroides Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray - western watermilfoil

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA