North America Native Plant

Wavyleaf Indian Paintbrush

Botanical name: Castilleja applegatei pallida

USDA symbol: CAAPP3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Castilleja applegatei Fernald var. breweri (Fernald) N.H. Holmgren (CAAPB)  âš˜  Castilleja applegatei Fernald var. pallida (Eastw.) N.H. Holmgren (CAAPP)  âš˜  Castilleja breweri Fernald (CABR29)  âš˜  Castilleja breweri Fernald var. pallida Eastw. (CABRP4)  âš˜  Castilleja glandulifera Pennell ssp. pallida (Eastw.) Pennell (CAGLP2)   

Wavyleaf Indian Paintbrush: A Rare Native Gem for Western Gardens Meet the wavyleaf Indian paintbrush (Castilleja applegatei pallida), a charming native perennial that’s as intriguing as it is elusive. This little-known member of the paintbrush family brings a touch of wild beauty to gardens in the western United States, though ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S5T2T4: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Subspecies or varieties is apparently secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the region or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Wavyleaf Indian Paintbrush: A Rare Native Gem for Western Gardens

Meet the wavyleaf Indian paintbrush (Castilleja applegatei pallida), a charming native perennial that’s as intriguing as it is elusive. This little-known member of the paintbrush family brings a touch of wild beauty to gardens in the western United States, though you won’t find it at your typical garden center.

What Makes This Plant Special?

The wavyleaf Indian paintbrush is a true native treasure, belonging to the diverse Castilleja genus known for their vibrant, brush-like flower displays. As a perennial forb, this plant returns year after year without developing woody stems, making it a herbaceous addition to your native plant collection.

This species goes by several botanical aliases in scientific circles, including Castilleja breweri and various other subspecies names, but don’t let the confusing taxonomy deter you—it’s still the same wonderful plant.

Where Does It Call Home?

The wavyleaf Indian paintbrush has a limited native range, naturally occurring in California and Nevada. This makes it a perfect choice for gardeners in these states who want to support local ecosystems and preserve regional plant heritage.

A Word About Rarity

Here’s something important to know: this paintbrush carries a Global Conservation Status of S5T2T4, indicating it has some level of conservation concern. If you’re lucky enough to find this plant available for purchase, make sure you’re buying from reputable native plant nurseries that source their material responsibly. Never collect plants from the wild—it’s both illegal and harmful to natural populations.

Growing Wavyleaf Indian Paintbrush: The Challenge

Let’s be honest—growing this particular paintbrush isn’t for beginners. Like many of its paintbrush relatives, Castilleja applegatei pallida can be quite particular about its growing conditions. Unfortunately, specific cultivation information for this subspecies is limited, which reflects both its rarity and the general difficulty of growing paintbrushes in cultivation.

What We Do Know

As a native forb, the wavyleaf Indian paintbrush likely prefers:

  • Well-draining soils typical of its natural western habitats
  • Full sun to partial sun conditions
  • Minimal summer water once established
  • Rocky or sandy soil conditions

Is This Plant Right for Your Garden?

The wavyleaf Indian paintbrush might be perfect for you if:

  • You’re an experienced native plant gardener in California or Nevada
  • You enjoy the challenge of growing rare or unusual plants
  • You want to support local biodiversity and conservation efforts
  • You have a rock garden, native plant collection, or naturalized area

However, you might want to consider alternatives if:

  • You’re new to native plant gardening
  • You prefer plants with readily available growing information
  • You want guaranteed success with minimal effort

Native Alternatives to Consider

If the wavyleaf Indian paintbrush proves too elusive or challenging, consider these more readily available native paintbrush species for western gardens:

  • Desert paintbrush (Castilleja chromosa)
  • Giant red Indian paintbrush (Castilleja miniata)
  • Scarlet paintbrush (Castilleja coccinea)

The Bottom Line

The wavyleaf Indian paintbrush represents the fascinating complexity of our native flora—beautiful, rare, and challenging to cultivate. While it may not be the easiest plant to grow, it offers dedicated native plant enthusiasts the opportunity to participate in conservation while adding a truly special specimen to their gardens. Just remember to source responsibly and be prepared for a gardening adventure that’s as rewarding as it is challenging.

If you do decide to take on this botanical challenge, connect with local native plant societies and botanical gardens—they’re your best resources for finding this rare gem and learning from others who’ve successfully grown it.

Wavyleaf Indian Paintbrush

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Castilleja Mutis ex L. f. - Indian paintbrush

Species

Castilleja applegatei Fernald - wavyleaf Indian paintbrush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA