North America Native Plant

Wart Lichen

Botanical name: Verrucaria pseudonigrescens

USDA symbol: VEPS

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Wart Lichen: The Tiny Garden Guardian You Never Knew You Had Have you ever noticed small, dark, crusty patches on rocks, concrete walls, or stone surfaces in your garden? Meet the wart lichen (Verrucaria pseudonigrescens), a fascinating organism that’s probably been quietly living in your outdoor spaces without you even ...

Wart Lichen: The Tiny Garden Guardian You Never Knew You Had

Have you ever noticed small, dark, crusty patches on rocks, concrete walls, or stone surfaces in your garden? Meet the wart lichen (Verrucaria pseudonigrescens), a fascinating organism that’s probably been quietly living in your outdoor spaces without you even realizing it!

What Exactly Is Wart Lichen?

First things first – wart lichen isn’t actually a plant at all! It’s a lichen, which is a remarkable partnership between a fungus and an alga working together as one organism. This collaboration creates something entirely unique that can survive in places where neither partner could live alone.

Wart lichen gets its name from its appearance – it forms small, dark, warty-looking crusts on surfaces. While it might not win any beauty contests, this little organism is actually quite extraordinary once you know what to look for.

Where You’ll Find This Native North American

Verrucaria pseudonigrescens is native to North America, where it naturally occurs across temperate regions. You’re most likely to spot it growing on limestone, concrete, mortar, and other alkaline surfaces. It’s particularly fond of areas with good air quality, making it somewhat of a natural air pollution detector.

How to Identify Wart Lichen

Spotting wart lichen is easier than you might think once you know what characteristics to look for:

  • Dark gray to blackish crusty patches on rock or concrete surfaces
  • Warty, bumpy texture that gives it its common name
  • Very thin, closely adhered to the surface it’s growing on
  • Small size – individual patches are usually just a few centimeters across
  • Preference for alkaline surfaces like limestone or concrete

Is Wart Lichen Beneficial for Your Garden?

While wart lichen won’t attract butterflies or produce showy flowers, it does offer some subtle benefits to your garden ecosystem:

  • Air quality indicator: Its presence suggests you have relatively clean air, as many lichens are sensitive to pollution
  • Microhabitat creator: Provides tiny spaces for microscopic organisms to thrive
  • Natural patina: Adds character and age to stone features, walls, and rock gardens
  • Erosion prevention: Helps stabilize surfaces by forming a protective crust

Can You Grow Wart Lichen?

Here’s where things get interesting – you can’t really plant or cultivate wart lichen in the traditional sense. It appears naturally when conditions are just right, which includes:

  • Clean air with minimal pollution
  • Alkaline surfaces like limestone or concrete
  • Adequate moisture from rain or humidity
  • Time – lichens grow very slowly!

If you want to encourage lichen growth in your garden, the best approach is to create suitable habitat by incorporating natural stone features, maintaining good air quality around your property, and being patient. Very patient.

A Living Partnership Worth Appreciating

Next time you’re walking through your garden, take a moment to appreciate these small but remarkable organisms. Wart lichen represents millions of years of evolutionary cooperation – a fungus and alga working together to create something neither could achieve alone.

While they might not be the showstoppers of your landscape, these quiet garden residents are indicators of a healthy environment and add their own unique character to stone surfaces. Sometimes the most interesting garden inhabitants are the ones we overlook!

Wart Lichen

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Verrucariales

Family

Verrucariaceae Eschw.

Genus

Verrucaria Schrad. - wart lichen

Species

Verrucaria pseudonigrescens Servit - wart lichen

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA