North America Native Plant

Wart Lichen

Botanical name: Verrucaria internigrescens

USDA symbol: VEIN6

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Wart Lichen: The Tiny Garden Resident You Never Knew You Had Have you ever noticed those dark, crusty patches on rocks, concrete walls, or stone surfaces in your garden? Chances are, you’ve been sharing your outdoor space with wart lichen (Verrucaria internigrescens) without even knowing it! This fascinating little organism ...

Wart Lichen: The Tiny Garden Resident You Never Knew You Had

Have you ever noticed those dark, crusty patches on rocks, concrete walls, or stone surfaces in your garden? Chances are, you’ve been sharing your outdoor space with wart lichen (Verrucaria internigrescens) without even knowing it! This fascinating little organism is far more common than most gardeners realize, and it’s actually a welcome addition to any landscape.

What Exactly Is Wart lichen?

Despite its name suggesting it’s a plant, wart lichen is actually a remarkable partnership between fungi and algae working together as one organism. This collaboration allows lichens to thrive in places where most plants simply can’t survive. Verrucaria internigrescens is native to North America and has been quietly colonizing hard surfaces across the continent for centuries.

The common name wart lichen comes from its appearance – it forms small, dark, warty-looking bumps and crusts on stone surfaces. Don’t let the less-than-glamorous name fool you though; this little organism plays an important ecological role.

Where You’ll Find Wart Lichen

Wart lichen is native to North America and can be found across temperate regions of the continent. It’s particularly fond of urban and suburban environments where there’s plenty of concrete, stone, and rock surfaces to call home.

Identifying Wart Lichen in Your Garden

Spotting wart lichen is easier than you might think once you know what to look for:

  • Appears as dark, blackish-brown crusty patches on hard surfaces
  • Forms small, raised, wart-like bumps (hence the name)
  • Typically found on rocks, concrete walls, stone pathways, and brick surfaces
  • Creates a thin, adherent crust that’s difficult to scrape off
  • Often has tiny black dots (fruiting bodies) scattered across the surface

Is Wart Lichen Beneficial for Your Garden?

Absolutely! While wart lichen might not add the colorful blooms that traditional garden plants provide, it offers several understated benefits:

  • Helps break down rock surfaces over time, contributing to soil formation
  • Indicates good air quality – lichens are sensitive to pollution
  • Provides habitat for microscopic creatures
  • Adds natural character and age to stone features
  • Requires zero maintenance or care from gardeners

The Perfect Garden Companion

Wart lichen thrives in rock gardens, on stone walls, concrete pathways, and any hardscaped areas of your landscape. It’s particularly well-suited for:

  • Natural stone features and rock gardens
  • Historic or aged-looking landscape designs
  • Low-maintenance areas where you want natural character
  • Shaded stone walls and surfaces

Living Conditions

The beauty of wart lichen is that it has virtually no specific requirements. It grows on hard substrates like rocks, concrete, and stone, and can tolerate a wide range of light conditions from full sun to deep shade. Unlike traditional plants, it doesn’t need soil, regular watering, or fertilization.

Can You Plant Wart Lichen?

Here’s where wart lichen differs dramatically from typical garden plants – you can’t really plant or cultivate it in the traditional sense. This lichen appears naturally when conditions are right, and attempting to transplant or encourage it rarely works. The best approach is simply to appreciate it when it shows up on its own.

If you want to encourage lichens like wart lichen in your garden, focus on creating the right environment:

  • Include natural stone features and rock surfaces
  • Avoid using harsh chemicals or pressure washing stone surfaces
  • Be patient – lichens establish slowly over time
  • Maintain good air quality in your garden area

A Quiet Garden Hero

While wart lichen may not be the showstopper of your garden, it represents something special – the incredible diversity of life that can thrive in our outdoor spaces. This native North American organism has been quietly doing its job for centuries, adding character to stone surfaces and contributing to the ecosystem in its own small way.

Next time you’re walking through your garden, take a moment to look closely at your stone surfaces. You might just discover you’ve been hosting this fascinating little organism all along. And if you do spot wart lichen, consider yourself lucky – you’re witnessing one of nature’s most successful partnerships right in your own backyard.

Wart Lichen

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Verrucariales

Family

Verrucariaceae Eschw.

Genus

Verrucaria Schrad. - wart lichen

Species

Verrucaria internigrescens (Nyl.) Erichsen - wart lichen

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA