North America Native Plant

Wart Lichen

Botanical name: Pyrenula corticata

USDA symbol: PYCO12

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Synonyms: Anthracothecium corticatum Müll. Arg. (ANCO33)   

Wart Lichen: The Bumpy Garden Guest You Never Invited (But Should Welcome) Ever noticed those dark, bumpy patches on your tree bark and wondered what they are? Meet the wart lichen, scientifically known as Pyrenula corticata – a fascinating little organism that’s probably been quietly living in your garden longer ...

Wart Lichen: The Bumpy Garden Guest You Never Invited (But Should Welcome)

Ever noticed those dark, bumpy patches on your tree bark and wondered what they are? Meet the wart lichen, scientifically known as Pyrenula corticata – a fascinating little organism that’s probably been quietly living in your garden longer than you have!

What Exactly Is Wart Lichen?

Before you start reaching for the pruning shears, let’s clear something up: wart lichen isn’t actually a plant at all. It’s a lichen – a remarkable partnership between a fungus and algae that work together like the ultimate roommates. The fungus provides structure and protection, while the algae make food through photosynthesis. It’s nature’s original collaboration!

This native North American species goes by the synonym Anthracothecium corticatum, but we’ll stick with the more pronounceable wart lichen for sanity’s sake.

Where You’ll Find This Crusty Character

Wart lichen is native to North America and particularly loves the bark of deciduous trees in eastern and southeastern regions. You might spot it hitchhiking on oak, maple, or hickory trees in your neighborhood.

What Does Wart Lichen Look Like?

True to its name, wart lichen has a distinctly bumpy, warty appearance that forms dark, crusty patches on tree bark. Here’s how to identify it:

  • Dark gray to black coloration
  • Crusty, warty texture that looks like tiny bumps
  • Forms patches or scattered spots on bark
  • Firmly attached to the tree surface
  • Usually found on the trunk and larger branches

Is Wart Lichen Good for Your Garden?

Absolutely! While you might not be able to pop down to the garden center and pick up a flat of wart lichen, its natural presence in your garden is actually a wonderful sign. Here’s why you should celebrate these little crusty patches:

  • Air quality indicator: Lichens are sensitive to air pollution, so their presence means you’ve got clean air
  • Ecosystem support: They provide habitat and food for tiny insects and other small creatures
  • Natural character: They add authentic woodland charm to mature landscapes
  • Tree health: Contrary to old myths, lichens don’t harm trees – they’re just along for the ride

Can You Grow Wart Lichen?

Here’s where things get interesting – you can’t actually plant or grow wart lichen like a traditional garden plant. These remarkable organisms establish themselves naturally when conditions are just right. They need:

  • Clean air (they’re pollution-sensitive)
  • Adequate moisture
  • Suitable tree bark hosts
  • Time – lots and lots of time

The best thing you can do to encourage lichens like Pyrenula corticata is to maintain a healthy, chemical-free garden environment with mature trees and good air quality.

Living in Harmony with Your Lichen Neighbors

If you’re lucky enough to have wart lichen in your garden, the best care you can provide is benign neglect. Avoid:

  • Scraping or removing lichen from trees
  • Using harsh chemicals near affected trees
  • Excessive pruning of lichen-covered branches

Instead, consider yourself the caretaker of a miniature ecosystem that took years to develop. Your garden is healthier and more biodiverse with these quiet, unassuming residents.

The Bottom Line

Wart lichen might not win any beauty contests, but it’s a sign that your garden is thriving in ways you might not have realized. These hardy little partnerships between fungus and algae are indicators of environmental health and add authentic natural character to woodland gardens and mature landscapes.

So the next time you spot those bumpy, dark patches on your trees, give them a little nod of appreciation. You’re looking at one of nature’s most successful collaborations – and a sign that your garden air is clean enough to support these fascinating organisms.

Wart Lichen

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Pyrenulales

Family

Pyrenulaceae Rabenh.

Genus

Pyrenula Ach. - wart lichen

Species

Pyrenula corticata (Müll. Arg.) R.C. Harris - wart lichen

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA