North America Native Plant

Waianae Range Pepperwort

Botanical name: Lepidium arbuscula

USDA symbol: LEAR5

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Waianae Range Pepperwort: A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting If you’re passionate about Hawaiian native plants and conservation gardening, you may have heard whispers about the Waianae Range pepperwort (Lepidium arbuscula). This little-known shrub has quite a story to tell – and it’s one that every native plant enthusiast should ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: United States

Status: S1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Endangered: In danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. ⚘

Region: United States

Waianae Range Pepperwort: A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting

If you’re passionate about Hawaiian native plants and conservation gardening, you may have heard whispers about the Waianae Range pepperwort (Lepidium arbuscula). This little-known shrub has quite a story to tell – and it’s one that every native plant enthusiast should hear.

What Makes This Plant Special?

The Waianae Range pepperwort isn’t your average garden shrub. This perennial, multi-stemmed woody plant typically stays under 13-16 feet tall, making it a manageable size for most gardens. What sets it apart isn’t just its modest stature, but its incredible rarity and unique heritage as a true Hawaiian endemic.

A Plant with Serious Conservation Status

Here’s the important part: This plant is critically imperiled with a Global Conservation Status of S1 and is listed as Endangered in the United States. With typically 5 or fewer occurrences and very few remaining individuals (less than 1,000), every single plant matters for the species’ survival.

If you’re considering adding this species to your garden, please only source it through reputable native plant nurseries or conservation programs that can guarantee responsibly propagated material. Never collect from wild populations.

Where Does It Come From?

As its common name suggests, the Waianae Range pepperwort is native exclusively to Hawaii, specifically the Waianae Mountains of Oahu. This makes it a true island endemic – a plant that exists nowhere else on Earth.

Garden Appeal and Landscape Role

While we don’t have extensive details about its exact appearance, as a member of the pepperwort family, this shrub likely produces small, delicate flowers and has an attractive, compact growth form. In a garden setting, it would serve as:

  • A conservation specimen showcasing Hawaii’s unique flora
  • An educational talking point about endangered plants
  • A meaningful addition to Hawaiian native plant collections
  • Part of habitat restoration efforts

Growing Conditions and Care

Based on its native habitat in the Waianae Mountains, this plant likely thrives in:

  • Well-draining, rocky soils
  • Dry conditions with good drought tolerance
  • Higher elevation environments
  • USDA hardiness zones 10-11 (tropical conditions)

Since specific growing information is limited due to its rarity, anyone growing this plant should work closely with native plant experts or botanical institutions to ensure proper care.

Supporting Pollinators and Wildlife

While specific wildlife benefits aren’t well-documented, native Hawaiian plants like the Waianae Range pepperwort likely support native Hawaiian insects and other small wildlife that have evolved alongside these endemic species.

Should You Grow It?

The answer is a cautious yes – but only under the right circumstances. Consider growing Waianae Range pepperwort if you:

  • Are committed to conservation and can source plants responsibly
  • Have experience with rare native plants
  • Live in an appropriate climate (tropical zones)
  • Want to contribute to species preservation efforts

However, this isn’t a plant for casual gardeners or those looking for easy-care landscape options. Its endangered status means it requires serious commitment and responsible stewardship.

The Bottom Line

The Waianae Range pepperwort represents both the incredible diversity of Hawaiian flora and the urgent need for plant conservation. While it may not be the showiest addition to your garden, growing this rare endemic can be a meaningful way to participate in preserving Hawaii’s unique botanical heritage – as long as you do so responsibly and with proper sourcing.

Remember: with great rarity comes great responsibility. If you choose to grow this endangered beauty, you’re not just adding a plant to your garden – you’re becoming a guardian of a species teetering on the edge of extinction.

Waianae Range Pepperwort

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Capparales

Family

Brassicaceae Burnett - Mustard family

Genus

Lepidium L. - pepperweed

Species

Lepidium arbuscula Hillebr. - Waianae Range pepperwort

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA