North America Native Plant

Viviparous Spikerush

Botanical name: Eleocharis vivipara

USDA symbol: ELVI4

Life cycle: annual

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Eleocharis curtisii Small (ELCU)   

Viviparous Spikerush: A Unique Native Sedge for Wetland Gardens Meet the viviparous spikerush (Eleocharis vivipara), a charming little native sedge that’s perfect for gardeners looking to create authentic wetland habitats. This grass-like annual has a pretty neat trick up its sleeve – it produces baby plants right on its flowering ...

Viviparous Spikerush: A Unique Native Sedge for Wetland Gardens

Meet the viviparous spikerush (Eleocharis vivipara), a charming little native sedge that’s perfect for gardeners looking to create authentic wetland habitats. This grass-like annual has a pretty neat trick up its sleeve – it produces baby plants right on its flowering stems, earning it that viviparous name!

What Makes Viviparous Spikerush Special

Don’t let its humble appearance fool you. This delicate sedge brings a soft, wispy texture to wetland gardens that’s hard to replicate with other plants. Its thin, cylindrical stems create gentle movement in the breeze, and those tiny plantlets dangling from the stem tips are like nature’s own little ornaments.

As an annual plant, viviparous spikerush completes its entire life cycle in one growing season, but thanks to its unique reproductive strategy, it readily establishes new generations each year. You might also encounter it under its synonym, Eleocharis curtisii.

Where It Calls Home

This southeastern native has quite the impressive range across the lower 48 states. You’ll find it naturally growing in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia. It’s perfectly adapted to the coastal plain regions where wetlands are abundant and rainfall is plentiful.

The Ultimate Wetland Plant

Here’s where viviparous spikerush really shines – it’s classified as an Obligate Wetland plant across all regions where it grows. This means it almost always occurs in wetlands and absolutely loves having its feet wet. Whether you’re in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain, Eastern Mountains and Piedmont, or Great Plains regions, this little sedge demands consistent moisture.

Perfect for Specialized Gardens

Viviparous spikerush isn’t your typical border plant – it’s a specialist that excels in very specific garden situations:

  • Rain gardens and bioswales
  • Bog gardens and wetland restorations
  • Pond margins and stream edges
  • Native plant gardens focused on southeastern ecosystems
  • Wildlife habitats that mimic natural wetlands

Growing Viviparous Spikerush Successfully

Growing this native sedge is all about understanding its water needs. Since it thrives in USDA hardiness zones 8-10, it’s best suited for gardeners in the warmer regions of the country.

Ideal Growing Conditions:

  • Full sun to partial shade
  • Consistently moist to saturated soils
  • Shallow standing water is perfectly fine
  • Clay, loam, or sandy soils with good water retention

Planting and Care Tips:

  • Plant in spring when temperatures warm up
  • Keep soil consistently moist – never let it dry out
  • Minimal fertilization needed in rich wetland soils
  • Allow natural reseeding through the plantlets
  • Very low maintenance once established in the right conditions

Wildlife and Garden Benefits

While viviparous spikerush may not be a major pollinator magnet (it’s wind-pollinated), it plays an important role in wetland ecosystems. The dense growth provides shelter for small wildlife, and the seeds can feed waterfowl and other wetland birds. Plus, using native plants like this helps support the broader ecosystem your garden is part of.

Is Viviparous Spikerush Right for Your Garden?

This native sedge is perfect for gardeners who want to create authentic wetland habitats or need plants for consistently wet areas. However, it’s definitely not for everyone. If you don’t have a naturally wet spot or aren’t committed to maintaining consistent moisture, you might want to look at other native alternatives.

For gardeners in its native range who have wet areas to fill, viviparous spikerush offers a chance to grow something truly unique – a native plant that literally grows babies on its stems! It’s a wonderful conversation starter and a great way to support local ecosystems while creating beautiful, naturalistic garden spaces.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Eastern Mountains and Piedmont

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Great Plains

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Viviparous Spikerush

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Cyperaceae Juss. - Sedge family

Genus

Eleocharis R. Br. - spikerush

Species

Eleocharis vivipara Link - viviparous spikerush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA