North America Native Plant

Vitt’s Candle Snuffer Moss

Botanical name: Encalypta vittiana

USDA symbol: ENVI2

Habit: nonvascular

Native status: Native to North America  

Discovering Vitt’s Candle Snuffer Moss: A Rare Native Treasure Meet Vitt’s candle snuffer moss (Encalypta vittiana), a fascinating little bryophyte that’s both a botanical curiosity and a conservation concern. This tiny native moss might not win any beauty contests in the traditional sense, but it plays an important role in ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S2S4: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘

Discovering Vitt’s Candle Snuffer Moss: A Rare Native Treasure

Meet Vitt’s candle snuffer moss (Encalypta vittiana), a fascinating little bryophyte that’s both a botanical curiosity and a conservation concern. This tiny native moss might not win any beauty contests in the traditional sense, but it plays an important role in North America’s diverse ecosystem tapestry.

What Exactly Is Vitt’s Candle Snuffer Moss?

Vitt’s candle snuffer moss belongs to the bryophyte family – that ancient group of plants that includes mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Unlike the flowering plants that dominate most gardens, this little green wonder reproduces through spores rather than seeds and lacks true roots, stems, and leaves. Instead, it has simple structures that perform similar functions.

What makes this moss particularly special is its distinctive reproductive structures. The candle snuffer part of its name comes from the hood-like covering (called a calyptra) that caps its spore-bearing capsules, resembling tiny extinguisher caps on miniature candles.

Where to Find This Native Moss

Encalypta vittiana is native to North America, with populations primarily found in western regions. This moss typically calls arid and semi-arid landscapes home, thriving in environments that might seem inhospitable to other plants.

A Word About Rarity

Here’s where things get important for conservation-minded gardeners: Vitt’s candle snuffer moss has a Global Conservation Status of S2S4, indicating it’s considered uncommon to fairly common but still warrants monitoring. This means if you’re lucky enough to encounter this moss in the wild, it deserves our respect and protection.

Identifying Vitt’s Candle Snuffer Moss

Spotting this moss requires a keen eye and possibly a hand lens. Look for these key features:

  • Small, terrestrial growth habit
  • Often found growing on rocks, dead wood, or other solid surfaces rather than soil
  • Distinctive hood-shaped caps on reproductive structures
  • Herbaceous, green appearance typical of mosses

Benefits to Your Garden Ecosystem

While Vitt’s candle snuffer moss won’t attract butterflies or hummingbirds like flowering plants, it does contribute to garden health in subtle but important ways:

  • Helps prevent soil erosion on slopes and rocky areas
  • Creates microhabitats for tiny invertebrates
  • Adds textural interest to naturalistic rock gardens
  • Requires no fertilizers, pesticides, or frequent watering

Should You Cultivate This Moss?

Here’s where we need to pump the brakes a bit. Given its conservation status and specialized growing requirements, Vitt’s candle snuffer moss isn’t really a candidate for typical garden cultivation. Mosses in general can be tricky to establish and maintain outside their natural habitats, and this species is no exception.

If you’re interested in supporting native moss populations, the best approach is habitat conservation. Protect existing rock outcrops, avoid using herbicides in natural areas, and maintain diverse landscape features that can support various bryophyte communities.

Alternative Moss Options

If you’re drawn to the idea of incorporating native mosses into your landscape, consider working with local native plant societies or bryophyte experts to identify more common moss species appropriate for cultivation in your area. Many regions have native moss species that are both easier to establish and not of conservation concern.

The Bottom Line

Vitt’s candle snuffer moss represents the incredible diversity of North America’s native flora – even the tiny, often-overlooked species play important ecological roles. While this particular moss isn’t destined for your flower border, learning to recognize and appreciate these small wonders enriches our understanding of the natural world around us.

Next time you’re hiking in western landscapes, take a moment to look closely at the rocky surfaces and fallen logs. You might just spot one of these remarkable little candle snuffers quietly doing its part to keep our ecosystems healthy and diverse.

Vitt’s Candle Snuffer Moss

Classification

Group

Moss

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Bryophyta - Mosses

Subdivision

Musci

Class

Bryopsida - True mosses

Subclass

Bryidae

Order

Pottiales

Family

Encalyptaceae Schimp.

Genus

Encalypta Hedw. - candle snuffer moss

Species

Encalypta vittiana Horton - Vitt's candle snuffer moss

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA