North America Native Plant

Variable Starviolet

Botanical name: Hedyotis terminalis

USDA symbol: HETE21

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: vine

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Gouldia affinis (DC.) Wilbur (GOAF)  âš˜  Gouldia hirtella (A. Gray) Hillebr. (GOHI5)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. (GOTE3)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. angustifolia Fosberg (GOTEA)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. antiqua Fosberg (GOTEA2)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. arborescens (Wawra) Fosberg (GOTEA3)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. aspera Fosberg (GOTEA4)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. bobeoides Fosberg (GOTEB)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. congesta Fosberg (GOTEC)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. cordata (Wawra) Fosberg (GOTEC2)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. coriacea (Hook. & Arn.) Fosberg (GOTEC3)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. crassicaulis Fosberg (GOTEC4)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. degeneri Fosberg (GOTED)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. elongata (A. Heller) Fosberg (GOTEE)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. forbesii Fosberg (GOTEF)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. glabra Fosberg (GOTEG)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. hathewayi Fosberg (GOTEH)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. hosakae Fosberg (GOTEH2)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. kaala Fosberg (GOTEK)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. kapuaensis Fosberg (GOTEK2)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. konaensis Fosberg (GOTEK3)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. lanai Fosberg (GOTEL)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. macrocarpa (Hillebr.) Fosberg (GOTEM)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. macrothyrsa Fosberg (GOTEM2)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. myrsinoidea Fosberg (GOTEM3)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. osteocarpa Fosberg (GOTEO)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. ovata (Wawra) Fosberg (GOTEO2)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. parvifolia (Wawra) Fosberg (GOTEP)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. pedunculata Fosberg (GOTEP2)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. pseudodichotoma Fosberg (GOTEP3)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. pubescens Fosberg (GOTEP4)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. pubistipula Fosberg (GOTEP5)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. purpurea Fosberg (GOTEP6)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. quadrangularis Fosberg (GOTEQ)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. rotundifolia Fosberg (GOTER)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. sclerotica Fosberg (GOTES)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. skottsbergii Fosberg (GOTES2)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. stipulacea (Wawra) Fosberg (GOTES3)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. subcordata Fosberg (GOTES4)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. tenuicaulis Fosberg (GOTET)  âš˜  Gouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var. wawrana Fosberg (GOTEW)  âš˜  Kadua affinis DC. (KAAF)   

Variable Starviolet: A Hidden Gem of Hawaiian Native Landscaping If you’re looking to add authentic Hawaiian character to your tropical garden, the variable starviolet (Hedyotis terminalis) might just be the understated beauty you’ve been searching for. This charming native shrub proves that sometimes the most rewarding plants are the ones ...

Variable Starviolet: A Hidden Gem of Hawaiian Native Landscaping

If you’re looking to add authentic Hawaiian character to your tropical garden, the variable starviolet (Hedyotis terminalis) might just be the understated beauty you’ve been searching for. This charming native shrub proves that sometimes the most rewarding plants are the ones that don’t shout for attention but quietly enhance every corner of your landscape.

Meet the Variable Starviolet

The variable starviolet goes by the botanical name Hedyotis terminalis, though you might encounter it under several historical names in older gardening references. As its common name suggests, this plant shows delightful variation in its appearance – a trait that makes each specimen uniquely appealing in the garden.

This perennial shrub typically grows as a multi-stemmed woody plant, usually staying under 13-16 feet tall, making it perfectly sized for most residential landscapes. Its compact, bushy growth habit creates an excellent foundation for native Hawaiian garden designs.

A True Hawaiian Native

Variable starviolet is exclusively native to Hawaii, making it a treasure for gardeners who want to cultivate authentic island flora. This endemic species has evolved specifically for Hawaiian conditions, which means it’s naturally adapted to thrive in the islands’ unique climate and soil conditions.

Why Choose Variable Starviolet for Your Garden?

There are several compelling reasons to consider this native Hawaiian shrub:

  • Authentic island character: Nothing beats the real deal when creating a genuine Hawaiian landscape
  • Low maintenance: Once established, it requires minimal care and is quite drought tolerant
  • Ecological value: Supports native Hawaiian pollinators and insects
  • Cultural significance: Connects your garden to Hawaii’s rich botanical heritage
  • Versatile placement: Works well as an understory shrub or in naturalized settings

Garden Design and Landscape Role

Variable starviolet shines in native Hawaiian gardens and restoration projects. Its modest size and natural growth pattern make it excellent for:

  • Understory plantings beneath taller native trees
  • Native habitat restoration areas
  • Naturalized landscape designs
  • Mixed native shrub borders
  • Cultural and educational gardens focusing on Hawaiian flora

Growing Conditions and Care

This adaptable native thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10-12, making it suitable for tropical and subtropical climates similar to its Hawaiian homeland. Variable starviolet prefers:

  • Light: Partial shade to full sun exposure
  • Soil: Well-draining soils of various types
  • Water: Moderate moisture when establishing, drought tolerant once mature
  • Climate: Warm, tropical to subtropical conditions

Special Growing Notes

One interesting characteristic of variable starviolet is its facultative wetland status in Hawaii. This means it’s equally comfortable in both wetland and non-wetland environments – a flexibility that makes it quite forgiving for home gardeners who might not have perfect drainage.

The shrub produces small, delicate flowers that attract native Hawaiian pollinators, making it a valuable addition to any wildlife-friendly garden. While not flashy, these blooms add subtle charm and support local ecosystem health.

Planting and Establishment Tips

When planting variable starviolet:

  • Choose a location with good air circulation
  • Ensure adequate drainage while maintaining some moisture retention
  • Plant during Hawaii’s cooler, rainier months for easier establishment
  • Mulch around the base to retain moisture and suppress weeds
  • Water regularly during the first growing season, then gradually reduce frequency

Is Variable Starviolet Right for Your Garden?

If you’re gardening in Hawaii or similar tropical climates and want to create authentic native landscapes, variable starviolet deserves serious consideration. It’s particularly valuable for gardeners interested in:

  • Supporting native ecosystems and wildlife
  • Creating low-maintenance, drought-tolerant landscapes
  • Honoring Hawaiian cultural and botanical heritage
  • Adding subtle, natural beauty rather than bold, exotic statements

While it may not be the showiest plant in your garden, variable starviolet offers the deep satisfaction that comes from growing something truly connected to place – a living piece of Hawaiian natural history that will quietly enrich your landscape for years to come.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Hawaii

FAC

Facultative - Plants with this status can occur in wetlands and non-wetlands

Variable Starviolet

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Rubiales

Family

Rubiaceae Juss. - Madder family

Genus

Hedyotis L. - starviolet

Species

Hedyotis terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) W.L. Wagner & D.R. Herbst - variable starviolet

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA