North America Native Plant

Valley Violet

Botanical name: Viola vallicola var. major

USDA symbol: VIVAM

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Viola nuttallii Pursh var. major Hook. (VINUM)  âš˜  Viola praemorsa Douglas ex Lindl. ssp. major (Hook.) M.S. Baker ex M. Peck (VIPRM)  âš˜  Viola praemorsa Douglas ex Lindl. var. major (Hook.) M. Peck (VIPRM2)   

Valley Violet: A Charming Native Ground Cover for Western Gardens If you’re looking for a delicate, low-maintenance native plant that brings subtle beauty to your garden while supporting local wildlife, meet the valley violet (Viola vallicola var. major). This charming little perennial might just become your new favorite ground cover, ...

Valley Violet: A Charming Native Ground Cover for Western Gardens

If you’re looking for a delicate, low-maintenance native plant that brings subtle beauty to your garden while supporting local wildlife, meet the valley violet (Viola vallicola var. major). This charming little perennial might just become your new favorite ground cover, especially if you garden in the western United States or southwestern Canada.

What Is Valley Violet?

Valley violet is a native North American perennial forb – that’s garden-speak for a soft-stemmed herbaceous plant that comes back year after year. Unlike its woody shrub cousins, this little beauty stays close to the ground and spreads to form lovely natural carpets of heart-shaped leaves topped with delicate purple flowers.

You might occasionally see it listed under its scientific synonyms like Viola nuttallii var. major or Viola praemorsa var. major, but don’t let the botanical name shuffling confuse you – it’s the same sweet plant.

Where Does Valley Violet Call Home?

This native gem naturally grows across a impressive swath of western North America, including British Columbia, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. It’s perfectly adapted to the varied climates and conditions found throughout these regions, from mountain meadows to valley floors.

Why Grow Valley Violet in Your Garden?

There are several compelling reasons to welcome valley violet into your landscape:

  • Native plant benefits: As a true native, it supports local ecosystems and requires fewer resources once established
  • Pollinator magnet: The small purple flowers attract native bees and butterflies, adding life and movement to your garden
  • Low maintenance: Once settled in, valley violet pretty much takes care of itself
  • Natural ground cover: It spreads to create attractive carpets that suppress weeds
  • Seasonal interest: Lovely flowers in spring and attractive foliage throughout the growing season

Garden Design Ideas

Valley violet shines in several garden settings:

  • Rock gardens: Its low-growing habit makes it perfect for tucking between stones
  • Native plant gardens: Pairs beautifully with other western natives
  • Woodland edges: Thrives in the dappled light found at forest margins
  • Naturalized areas: Let it spread freely in informal landscape areas
  • Slopes and banks: Helps prevent erosion while looking lovely

Growing Conditions and Care

Valley violet is surprisingly adaptable, but it does have some preferences:

Light: Partial shade to full sun – it’s quite flexible about lighting conditions

Soil: Well-draining soil is key. It’s not particularly fussy about soil type but doesn’t appreciate soggy conditions

Water: Moderate moisture is ideal. Once established, it can handle some drought but performs best with occasional watering during dry spells

Climate: Hardy in USDA zones 4-8, making it suitable for most areas within its native range

Planting and Care Tips

Getting valley violet established in your garden is refreshingly straightforward:

  • Plant in spring or fall when temperatures are moderate
  • Space plants about 6-12 inches apart if you want quick coverage
  • Water regularly the first year to help establish strong roots
  • After establishment, it’s quite drought-tolerant
  • May self-seed in favorable conditions, gradually expanding its territory
  • Generally pest and disease-free

A Few Things to Keep in Mind

Valley violet is generally well-behaved, but like many violets, it can spread via underground runners and self-seeding. This is usually a feature, not a bug, since most gardeners want their ground cover to actually cover ground! However, if you prefer more controlled growth, you can easily manage its spread by dividing clumps or removing unwanted seedlings.

The Bottom Line

Valley violet offers western gardeners a wonderful opportunity to incorporate a beautiful, low-maintenance native plant that supports local wildlife while requiring minimal care. Whether you’re creating a rock garden, establishing a native plant area, or simply looking for an attractive ground cover, this charming violet deserves serious consideration. Plus, there’s something deeply satisfying about growing a plant that truly belongs in your local landscape – it’s gardening in harmony with nature at its finest.

Valley Violet

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Violales

Family

Violaceae Batsch - Violet family

Genus

Viola L. - violet

Species

Viola vallicola A. Nelson - sagebrush violet

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA