North America Native Plant

‘uiwi

Botanical name: Hedyotis elatior

USDA symbol: HEEL4

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Hedyotis elatior (H. Mann) Fosberg var. ensiformis (Fosberg) Fosberg (HEELE)  âš˜  Hedyotis elatior (H. Mann) Fosberg var. herbacea (Levl.) Fosberg (HEELH)  âš˜  Kadua elatior (H. Mann) A. Heller (KAEL)   

‘Uiwi: A Rare Hawaiian Treasure Worth Protecting If you’re passionate about native Hawaiian plants and conservation gardening, you may have heard whispers about a critically endangered shrub called ‘uiwi (Hedyotis elatior). This little-known Hawaiian endemic is one of the islands’ most precious botanical treasures—and unfortunately, one of its most imperiled. ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

‘Uiwi: A Rare Hawaiian Treasure Worth Protecting

If you’re passionate about native Hawaiian plants and conservation gardening, you may have heard whispers about a critically endangered shrub called ‘uiwi (Hedyotis elatior). This little-known Hawaiian endemic is one of the islands’ most precious botanical treasures—and unfortunately, one of its most imperiled.

What Makes ‘Uiwi Special?

‘Uiwi is a charming perennial shrub that embodies the unique character of Hawaii’s native flora. This multi-stemmed woody plant typically grows to about 13-16 feet tall, though it can vary depending on growing conditions. What catches the eye are its delicate clusters of small white flowers that bloom against a backdrop of simple, opposite leaves.

But here’s what makes this plant truly remarkable: it’s found nowhere else on Earth except the Hawaiian Islands. ‘Uiwi is what botanists call an endemic species, meaning it evolved specifically in Hawaii’s unique ecosystem over thousands of years.

A Plant on the Brink

Here’s where things get serious, fellow plant lovers. ‘Uiwi carries a Global Conservation Status of S1, which translates to Critically Imperiled. This means there are typically only five or fewer known populations in the wild, with fewer than 1,000 individual plants remaining across all of Hawaii.

Think about that for a moment—fewer than 1,000 plants of an entire species left on our planet. That’s why every single ‘uiwi matters, and why growing this plant comes with both incredible privilege and serious responsibility.

Where ‘Uiwi Calls Home

‘Uiwi is native exclusively to Hawaii, where it grows naturally on volcanic slopes and ridges throughout the island chain. This hardy shrub has adapted to Hawaii’s unique climate and soil conditions, making it perfectly suited to island life—when grown in appropriate conditions.

Should You Grow ‘Uiwi?

The short answer: only if you’re deeply committed to conservation and can source plants responsibly. Given its critically imperiled status, ‘uiwi should never be collected from the wild. If you’re interested in growing this rare beauty, you’ll need to:

  • Source seeds or plants only from reputable native plant societies or conservation organizations
  • Verify that any plant material was propagated legally and ethically
  • Be prepared to provide specialized care that mimics its natural habitat
  • Consider participating in broader conservation efforts for Hawaiian native plants

Growing Conditions and Care

‘Uiwi thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10-11, which means it’s suited for tropical and subtropical climates similar to Hawaii. If you’re lucky enough to garden in these conditions, here’s what this rare shrub needs:

Soil: Well-draining volcanic or sandy soils that don’t stay waterlogged. Interestingly, ‘uiwi has a Facultive Wetland status, meaning it usually prefers wetter conditions but can tolerate drier spots too.

Light: Partial shade to full sun, though some protection from intense afternoon sun can help in hotter climates.

Water: Moderate moisture levels—think consistent but not soggy conditions.

Maintenance: Minimal pruning needed, but remove any dead or damaged branches to keep the plant healthy.

The Role of ‘Uiwi in Your Garden

If you do decide to grow ‘uiwi, consider it a centerpiece of a native Hawaiian conservation garden. This shrub works beautifully in:

  • Native Hawaiian landscape designs
  • Conservation gardens focused on rare species
  • Educational gardens that showcase endemic plants
  • Restoration projects (with proper permits and guidance)

The delicate white flower clusters provide subtle beauty while potentially supporting native Hawaiian pollinators—though more research is needed to fully understand its ecological relationships.

A Plant Worth Protecting

‘Uiwi represents something irreplaceable: millions of years of evolution that created a plant perfectly adapted to Hawaiian conditions. By growing this species responsibly, you’re not just adding a unique shrub to your garden—you’re participating in the conservation of Hawaii’s natural heritage.

Remember, with great botanical rarity comes great responsibility. If ‘uiwi calls to you, approach it with the respect and care this critically imperiled species deserves. And if growing rare plants isn’t your forte, consider supporting organizations working to protect Hawaiian native plants in the wild.

After all, every plant lover can play a role in ensuring that future generations get to experience the wonder of species like ‘uiwi—whether in carefully tended gardens or thriving once again in their native Hawaiian landscapes.

‘uiwi

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Rubiales

Family

Rubiaceae Juss. - Madder family

Genus

Hedyotis L. - starviolet

Species

Hedyotis elatior (H. Mann) Fosberg - 'uiwi

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA