North America Native Plant

Tussock Panicgrass

Botanical name: Dichanthelium cynodon

USDA symbol: DICY

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Dichanthelium forbesii (Hitchc.) C.A. Clark & Gould (DIFO2)  âš˜  Panicum alakaiense Skottsb. (PAAL12)  âš˜  Panicum cynodon Reichardt (PACY3)  âš˜  Panicum forbesii Hitchc. (PAFO4)  âš˜  Panicum imbricatum Hillebr. (PAIM4)  âš˜  Panicum imbricatum Hillebr. var. molokaiense Skottsb. (PAIMM)  âš˜  Panicum lamiatile H. St. John (PALA22)  âš˜  Panicum lustriale H. St. John (PALU3)   

Tussock Panicgrass: A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting in Your Garden If you’re passionate about native Hawaiian plants and have a wet spot in your garden that needs attention, tussock panicgrass (Dichanthelium cynodon) might be exactly what you’re looking for. This understated but important grass is one of Hawaii’s own, ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S2S3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Tussock Panicgrass: A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting in Your Garden

If you’re passionate about native Hawaiian plants and have a wet spot in your garden that needs attention, tussock panicgrass (Dichanthelium cynodon) might be exactly what you’re looking for. This understated but important grass is one of Hawaii’s own, and while it may not win any flashy flower contests, it plays a crucial role in the islands’ natural wetland ecosystems.

What Makes Tussock Panicgrass Special?

Tussock panicgrass is a perennial grass that’s as Hawaiian as it gets—it’s found nowhere else in the world except the Hawaiian Islands. This grass-like plant forms distinctive clumps or tussocks (hence the name) and has adapted specifically to Hawaii’s unique wetland environments over thousands of years.

What makes this plant particularly noteworthy is its rarity. With a conservation status of S2S3, tussock panicgrass is considered uncommon to rare across its range. This means that every garden where it thrives responsibly contributes to the preservation of Hawaii’s native plant heritage.

Where Does It Grow?

Tussock panicgrass is endemic to Hawaii, meaning it evolved here and calls these islands home. You’ll find it naturally occurring across the Hawaiian island chain, typically in wetland areas where few other plants can thrive.

A Plant That Loves Water

Here’s where tussock panicgrass gets really interesting—it’s what botanists call an obligate wetland species. In plain English, this means it almost always needs wet feet to be happy. If you have a boggy area, a rain garden, or a spot that stays consistently moist, this could be your perfect plant match.

Garden Role and Aesthetic Appeal

While tussock panicgrass won’t give you showy blooms or dramatic foliage, it offers something equally valuable: authentic Hawaiian character and practical benefits. This grass excels at:

  • Erosion control in wet areas
  • Ground cover in challenging wetland conditions
  • Adding texture and natural movement to garden spaces
  • Supporting wetland ecosystem restoration

Its narrow grass blades form attractive clumps that sway gently in the breeze, creating a subtle but pleasing natural look that works beautifully in native Hawaiian garden designs or naturalistic wetland gardens.

Growing Conditions and Care

If you’re in USDA hardiness zones 10-12 (which covers most of Hawaii and similar tropical/subtropical areas), you can potentially grow tussock panicgrass. Here’s what it needs to thrive:

  • Moisture: Consistently wet to saturated soils—this isn’t a plant for dry conditions
  • Light: Full sun to partial shade
  • Soil: Tolerates various soil types as long as they stay wet
  • Maintenance: Low maintenance once established in proper conditions

Important Conservation Considerations

Before you get too excited about adding tussock panicgrass to your garden, there’s something crucial to know: because of its rarity status, it’s essential to source this plant responsibly. Never collect plants from the wild, as this can harm already vulnerable populations. Instead:

  • Purchase only from reputable native plant nurseries
  • Verify that plants are nursery-propagated, not wild-collected
  • Consider supporting local conservation efforts that protect wild populations

Wildlife and Ecosystem Benefits

As a native Hawaiian grass, tussock panicgrass plays important ecological roles, even if we don’t fully understand all of them yet. Native grasses like this one help maintain the structure and function of Hawaii’s unique wetland ecosystems, providing habitat and supporting the complex web of life that has evolved in these environments.

Is Tussock Panicgrass Right for Your Garden?

This plant is perfect for you if you:

  • Have wet or boggy areas that need plants
  • Want to support native Hawaiian plant conservation
  • Appreciate subtle, naturalistic garden aesthetics
  • Are creating a wetland restoration project
  • Value plants with deep cultural and ecological significance

However, skip tussock panicgrass if you’re looking for colorful flowers, drought-tolerant plants, or something for dry garden areas—it simply won’t thrive in those conditions.

The Bottom Line

Tussock panicgrass may not be the most glamorous plant in the nursery, but it’s a genuine treasure for gardeners who want to connect with Hawaii’s natural heritage while solving wet-soil challenges. By growing this rare native grass responsibly, you’re not just adding an interesting plant to your garden—you’re participating in the preservation of Hawaii’s unique botanical legacy. Just remember to source it ethically and give it the wet conditions it craves, and you’ll have a piece of authentic Hawaiian nature thriving right in your backyard.

Tussock Panicgrass

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Poaceae Barnhart - Grass family

Genus

Dichanthelium (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould - rosette grass

Species

Dichanthelium cynodon (Reichardt) C.A. Clark & Gould - tussock panicgrass

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA