North America Native Plant

Treelimb Clubmoss

Botanical name: Huperzia polytrichoides

USDA symbol: HUPO

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Lycopodium polytrichoides Kaulf. (LYPO2)  âš˜  Urostachys polytrichoides (Kaulf.) Herter ex Nessel (URPO3)   

Treelimb Clubmoss: Hawaii’s Delicate Ancient Wonder Meet the treelimb clubmoss (Huperzia polytrichoides), a fascinating little plant that’s been quietly doing its thing in Hawaii’s misty mountain forests for millennia. This isn’t your typical garden plant – it’s actually a living fossil that predates flowering plants by hundreds of millions of ...

Treelimb Clubmoss: Hawaii’s Delicate Ancient Wonder

Meet the treelimb clubmoss (Huperzia polytrichoides), a fascinating little plant that’s been quietly doing its thing in Hawaii’s misty mountain forests for millennia. This isn’t your typical garden plant – it’s actually a living fossil that predates flowering plants by hundreds of millions of years!

What Exactly Is a Clubmoss?

Despite its name, treelimb clubmoss isn’t actually a moss at all. It’s what botanists call a lycopod – an ancient group of plants that reproduce through spores rather than seeds or flowers. Think of it as nature’s original green carpet, but with a twist of prehistoric charm.

This perennial plant grows as a delicate, herb-like structure without any significant woody tissue. Its narrow, needle-like leaves cluster together in dense formations, creating an almost feathery appearance that’s quite enchanting when you spot it in its natural habitat.

Where Does Treelimb Clubmoss Call Home?

This little beauty is a true Hawaiian native, found exclusively in the island chain’s wet montane forests. You won’t find Huperzia polytrichoides anywhere else on Earth – it’s what we call an endemic species, making it extra special for Hawaii’s unique ecosystem.

Spotting Treelimb Clubmoss in the Wild

If you’re lucky enough to explore Hawaii’s cloud forests, here’s what to look for:

  • Small, delicate plants with densely packed, narrow leaves
  • Growth on tree branches or in extremely humid, shaded areas
  • No flowers or seeds – just the ancient beauty of spore-producing structures
  • A soft, almost velvety appearance from a distance

Is Treelimb Clubmoss Good for Your Garden?

Here’s where things get interesting. While treelimb clubmoss is absolutely gorgeous and ecologically important, it’s not exactly what you’d call garden-friendly for most of us. This plant has very specific needs:

  • Extremely high humidity (think tropical rainforest levels)
  • Consistent shade to partial shade
  • Cool, moist conditions year-round
  • USDA hardiness zones 10-12 only

If you live in Hawaii and have the right conditions, treelimb clubmoss could make a stunning addition to a native plant garden or specialized terrarium. However, for most mainland gardeners, this plant would be nearly impossible to keep happy outdoors.

The Ecological Importance

While treelimb clubmoss might not offer nectar for pollinators (since it doesn’t flower), it plays a crucial role in Hawaii’s forest ecosystems. These ancient plants help maintain the delicate moisture balance in cloud forests and provide habitat for tiny organisms that form the foundation of the forest food web.

A Living Connection to Earth’s Past

Perhaps the most remarkable thing about treelimb clubmoss is what it represents – a direct link to Earth’s ancient past. When you encounter this plant, you’re looking at a life form that has remained relatively unchanged since long before dinosaurs roamed the Earth. It’s like having a time machine right there in the forest!

So while you might not be adding treelimb clubmoss to your backyard garden anytime soon, it’s worth appreciating this remarkable plant for what it is: a living piece of natural history that continues to thrive in one of the world’s most unique ecosystems. And hey, if you ever find yourself hiking through Hawaii’s misty mountains, keep an eye out – you might just spot one of these ancient survivors doing what it’s done best for millions of years.

Treelimb Clubmoss

Classification

Group

Lycopod

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Lycopodiophyta - Lycopods

Subdivision
Class

Lycopodiopsida

Subclass
Order

Lycopodiales

Family

Lycopodiaceae P. Beauv. ex Mirb. - Club-moss family

Genus

Huperzia Bernh. - clubmoss

Species

Huperzia polytrichoides (Kaulf.) Trevis. - treelimb clubmoss

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA