North America Native Plant

Toyon

Botanical name: Heteromeles arbutifolia var. macrocarpa

USDA symbol: HEARM

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: shrub

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Toyon: A California Native Shrub Worth Considering If you’re looking to add a distinctly Californian touch to your garden, you might want to get acquainted with toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia var. macrocarpa). This native shrub has been quietly gracing California landscapes for centuries, and it might just be the perfect addition ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S5T3?: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Inexact rank: ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Toyon: A California Native Shrub Worth Considering

If you’re looking to add a distinctly Californian touch to your garden, you might want to get acquainted with toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia var. macrocarpa). This native shrub has been quietly gracing California landscapes for centuries, and it might just be the perfect addition to your own slice of paradise.

What Exactly Is Toyon?

Toyon is a perennial shrub that’s as Californian as sunshine and surf. This multi-stemmed woody plant typically stays under 13 to 16 feet tall, though it can occasionally stretch taller or even grow as a single-stemmed specimen when conditions are just right. Think of it as nature’s way of keeping things interesting!

This particular variety, Heteromeles arbutifolia var. macrocarpa, is native exclusively to California, making it a true Golden State original. It’s one of those plants that has deep roots in the local ecosystem – literally and figuratively.

A Note About Rarity

Here’s something important to know: toyon has a somewhat unclear conservation status (listed as S5T3?), which suggests there might be some rarity concerns. If you’re interested in growing this beauty, make sure you source your plants from reputable native plant nurseries that practice responsible propagation. This ensures you’re supporting conservation efforts rather than potentially impacting wild populations.

Why Consider Toyon for Your Garden?

Native plants like toyon are garden superstars for several reasons. They’re naturally adapted to local conditions, which means they typically require less water, fertilizer, and fuss once established. Plus, there’s something deeply satisfying about growing plants that belong in your specific corner of the world.

As a shrub, toyon can serve multiple roles in your landscape design. It can work as:

  • A specimen plant for focal interest
  • Part of a native plant border
  • A natural privacy screen
  • Foundation plantings around your home

The Growing Reality Check

Now, here’s where I have to be honest with you – specific growing information for this particular variety of toyon is somewhat limited in readily available sources. This isn’t uncommon with plant varieties, as most cultivation information focuses on the main species rather than specific varieties.

What we do know is that as a California native shrub, it’s likely adapted to the state’s Mediterranean climate patterns. This typically means it can handle dry summers and wet winters, though specific soil, water, and sun requirements for this variety aren’t well-documented.

Planning Your Toyon Adventure

If you’re set on growing toyon, here’s your best approach:

  • Contact local native plant societies or extension services for variety-specific growing advice
  • Visit native plant nurseries that specialize in California species
  • Connect with other gardeners in your area who might have experience with this plant
  • Consider starting small with one plant to learn its preferences in your specific garden conditions

The Bottom Line

Toyon represents an interesting opportunity for California gardeners who want to grow something truly native and potentially uncommon. However, the limited specific information available means you’ll be part detective, part gardener as you learn what makes this variety tick.

If you’re up for a gardening adventure and committed to sourcing plants responsibly, toyon could be a rewarding addition to your landscape. Just remember – when dealing with plants that have unclear conservation status, always choose nursery-propagated specimens over wild-collected ones. Your garden will benefit, and so will California’s natural heritage.

Toyon

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Rosales

Family

Rosaceae Juss. - Rose family

Genus

Heteromeles M. Roem. - toyon

Species

Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roem. - toyon

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA