North America Native Plant

Toyon

Botanical name: Heteromeles arbutifolia var. cerina

USDA symbol: HEARC2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: shrub

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Photinia arbutifolia Lindl. var. cerina Jeps. (PHARC2)   

Toyon: A California Native Worth Considering for Your Garden If you’re looking to add a touch of California’s natural beauty to your landscape, toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia var. cerina) might just be the native shrub you’ve been searching for. This perennial woody plant brings year-round structure and seasonal interest to gardens ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S5T3T4Q: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Uncertain taxonomy: ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Subspecies or varieties is apparently secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the region or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Toyon: A California Native Worth Considering for Your Garden

If you’re looking to add a touch of California’s natural beauty to your landscape, toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia var. cerina) might just be the native shrub you’ve been searching for. This perennial woody plant brings year-round structure and seasonal interest to gardens throughout its native range.

What Makes Toyon Special?

Toyon is a true California native, found exclusively within the Golden State’s diverse ecosystems. As a member of the rose family, this multi-stemmed shrub typically grows to heights of 13-16 feet, though it can sometimes stretch taller or remain more compact depending on growing conditions. Its scientific synonyms include Photinia arbutifolia Lindl. var. cerina Jeps., reflecting its botanical relationships.

Where Does It Grow?

This native beauty calls California home, thriving in the state’s Mediterranean climate and diverse geographical regions. From coastal areas to inland valleys, toyon has adapted to various California ecosystems over thousands of years.

A Note About Rarity

It’s worth noting that this particular variety of toyon has a conservation status of S5T3T4Q, which indicates some level of conservation concern. While this doesn’t mean you shouldn’t plant it, it does mean you should source your plants responsibly from reputable native plant nurseries that propagate their stock rather than collecting from wild populations.

Why Consider Toyon for Your Garden?

As a native California plant, toyon offers several advantages for local gardeners:

  • Naturally adapted to California’s climate conditions
  • Supports local ecosystem health
  • Provides structure as a substantial shrub
  • Offers year-round interest in the landscape
  • Requires less water once established compared to non-native alternatives

Growing Conditions and Care

Unfortunately, specific growing requirements for this particular variety aren’t well-documented in available sources. However, as with most California natives, toyon varieties typically prefer:

  • Well-draining soil
  • Mediterranean climate conditions
  • Minimal summer water once established
  • Full sun to partial shade exposure

Important Considerations

Before adding this plant to your landscape, keep in mind that detailed information about this specific variety’s growing requirements, wildlife benefits, and landscape uses is limited in readily available sources. This is often the case with specific botanical varieties that may have subtle differences from the main species.

If you’re interested in growing toyon, we recommend consulting with local native plant societies, botanical gardens, or extension offices in California for the most current and region-specific growing advice.

The Bottom Line

Toyon represents an excellent choice for gardeners wanting to incorporate California’s native flora into their landscapes. While this specific variety may require some detective work to source and grow successfully, supporting native plants helps preserve California’s natural heritage and creates sustainable, regionally appropriate gardens.

Remember to always purchase from reputable nurseries that responsibly propagate native plants, especially when dealing with varieties that may have conservation concerns. Your local native plant society can often point you toward the best sources in your area.

Toyon

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Rosales

Family

Rosaceae Juss. - Rose family

Genus

Heteromeles M. Roem. - toyon

Species

Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M. Roem. - toyon

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA