North America Native Plant

Toothed Willow Dock

Botanical name: Rumex salicifolius var. denticulatus

USDA symbol: RUSAD

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Rumex californicus Rech. f. (RUCA8)  âš˜  Rumex mexicanus Meisn. var. strictus M. Peck (RUMES)  âš˜  Rumex salicifolius Weinm. var. montigenitus Jeps. (RUSAM2)  âš˜  Rumex utahensis Rech. f. (RUUT)   

Toothed Willow Dock: A Lesser-Known Native Wetland Plant If you’re exploring native plants for wetland areas or moisture-loving spots in your garden, you might come across toothed willow dock (Rumex salicifolius var. denticulatus). This perennial forb represents an interesting choice for gardeners interested in supporting local ecosystems, though it’s definitely ...

Toothed Willow Dock: A Lesser-Known Native Wetland Plant

If you’re exploring native plants for wetland areas or moisture-loving spots in your garden, you might come across toothed willow dock (Rumex salicifolius var. denticulatus). This perennial forb represents an interesting choice for gardeners interested in supporting local ecosystems, though it’s definitely not your typical garden center find.

What Is Toothed Willow Dock?

Toothed willow dock is a herbaceous perennial that belongs to the buckwheat family. As a forb, it lacks woody stems and maintains its life force through underground parts that survive winter. This plant has quite the collection of scientific synonyms, including Rumex californicus and Rumex utahensis, which hints at its wide distribution and the botanical community’s evolving understanding of its classification.

Where You’ll Find It Growing Wild

This native plant calls the western United States home, with populations established across Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. It’s also found in the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Manitoba, though it’s considered non-native there.

The Wetland Connection

Here’s where toothed willow dock gets interesting for native plant enthusiasts. It’s classified as a Facultative Wetland plant across multiple regions, including the Arid West, Great Plains, and Western Mountains. This means while it usually hangs out in wetland areas, it’s flexible enough to tolerate drier conditions too. Think of it as nature’s way of bridging different habitat types.

Should You Plant It in Your Garden?

Here’s the honest truth: toothed willow dock isn’t well-documented in horticultural circles, and specific growing information is surprisingly scarce. This presents both challenges and opportunities for adventurous native plant gardeners.

What We Know About Growing Conditions

Based on its wetland status and natural distribution, toothed willow dock likely prefers:

  • Moist to wet soil conditions
  • Areas with seasonal water fluctuations
  • Full sun to partial shade
  • Cool to temperate climates typical of western mountain and prairie regions

Consider These Alternatives

If you’re drawn to native dock species but want more reliable growing information, consider looking into other native Rumex species or similar wetland forbs that are better established in cultivation. Your local native plant society or extension office can point you toward well-documented alternatives that provide similar ecological benefits.

The Bottom Line

Toothed willow dock represents the fascinating world of lesser-known native plants that quietly support our ecosystems. While it might not be the showiest choice for a typical garden, it could be perfect for naturalized wetland areas, rain gardens, or restoration projects in its native range. Just remember that with any uncommon native plant, patience and observation are your best gardening tools.

If you do decide to experiment with this species, source it responsibly from native plant specialists and be prepared for some trial and error. After all, every expert native gardener started as someone willing to try something new!

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Arid West

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Great Plains

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Toothed Willow Dock

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Caryophyllidae

Order

Polygonales

Family

Polygonaceae Juss. - Buckwheat family

Genus

Rumex L. - dock

Species

Rumex salicifolius Weinm. - willow dock

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA