North America Native Plant

Toothed Surfgrass

Botanical name: Phyllospadix serrulatus

USDA symbol: PHSE11

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Alaska âš˜ Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Toothed Surfgrass: The Marine Grass That’s Not for Your Garden If you’ve stumbled upon the name toothed surfgrass while researching native plants, you might be wondering if this could be a unique addition to your landscape. Well, here’s the plot twist: Phyllospadix serrulatus isn’t actually a grass you can plant ...

Toothed Surfgrass: The Marine Grass That’s Not for Your Garden

If you’ve stumbled upon the name toothed surfgrass while researching native plants, you might be wondering if this could be a unique addition to your landscape. Well, here’s the plot twist: Phyllospadix serrulatus isn’t actually a grass you can plant in your backyard at all! This fascinating native species lives entirely underwater in the chilly waters of the Pacific Northwest.

What Exactly Is Toothed Surfgrass?

Despite its common name, toothed surfgrass isn’t technically a grass – it’s a marine flowering plant that has adapted to life completely underwater. This perennial forb creates underwater meadows along rocky coastlines, with its long, ribbon-like leaves swaying gracefully in the ocean currents. The toothed part of its name comes from the serrated edges of its leaves, which look like they’ve been cut with tiny scissors.

Where Does It Call Home?

Toothed surfgrass is a proud Pacific Northwest native, naturally occurring along the coasts of Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. You’ll find these underwater meadows in intertidal and subtidal zones, typically growing on rocky substrates in relatively shallow waters up to about 30 feet deep.

Why You Can’t Grow It in Your Garden (And That’s Okay!)

Here’s where we break some hearts: toothed surfgrass requires very specific marine conditions that simply can’t be replicated in a home garden. This plant needs:

  • Saltwater marine environment
  • Rocky underwater substrates
  • Specific tidal patterns and water movement
  • Cool Pacific Ocean temperatures

Unless you happen to own a piece of Pacific coastline with the right underwater conditions, this native beauty will have to remain a species you admire from afar – perhaps during a tide pool exploration or coastal diving adventure.

Its Important Role in Marine Ecosystems

While you can’t plant toothed surfgrass in your garden, it’s worth appreciating its critical role in coastal ecosystems. These underwater meadows provide essential habitat for marine life, help stabilize seafloor sediments, and contribute to the overall health of nearshore marine environments. Think of them as the native plant gardens of the ocean floor.

Alternatives for Your Terrestrial Garden

If you’re drawn to the idea of incorporating Pacific Northwest natives with grass-like characteristics in your actual garden, consider these terrestrial alternatives:

  • Pacific bentgrass (Agrostis pallens)
  • California oatgrass (Danthonia californica)
  • Red fescue (Festuca rubra)
  • Sedges like Carex species native to your area

The Takeaway

Toothed surfgrass serves as a wonderful reminder that native plants come in all forms and inhabit every type of environment – including ones we can’t replicate in our gardens. While you won’t be adding this particular native to your landscape, learning about species like Phyllospadix serrulatus helps us appreciate the incredible diversity of plant life in our region and the importance of protecting marine habitats where these unique natives thrive.

So next time you’re exploring the Pacific coast, take a moment to appreciate these underwater meadows – they’re doing important work beneath the waves, even if they can’t grace your garden beds!

Toothed Surfgrass

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Alismatidae

Order

Najadales

Family

Zosteraceae Dumort. - Eel-grass family

Genus

Phyllospadix Hook. - surfgrass

Species

Phyllospadix serrulatus Rupr. ex Asch. - toothed surfgrass

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA